Disease Investigation Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station , Palampur, India.
Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, India.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020 Dec 1;16(12):2944-2953. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1833579. Epub 2020 Dec 9.
There is an urgent need for a safe, efficacious, and cost-effective vaccine for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by novel coronavirus strain, severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The protective immunity of certain types of vaccines can be enhanced by the addition of adjuvants. Many diverse classes of compounds have been identified as adjuvants, including mineral salts, microbial products, emulsions, saponins, cytokines, polymers, microparticles, and liposomes. Several saponins have been shown to stimulate both the Th1-type immune response and the production of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against endogenous antigens, making them very useful for subunit vaccines, especially those for intracellular pathogens. In this review, we discuss the structural characteristics, mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationship of saponins, biological activities, and use of saponins in various viral vaccines and their applicability to a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
目前迫切需要针对由新型冠状病毒株引起的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行的安全、有效且具成本效益的疫苗。佐剂的添加可以增强某些类型疫苗的保护免疫。已鉴定出许多不同类别的化合物作为佐剂，包括矿物盐、微生物产物、乳剂、皂苷、细胞因子、聚合物、微粒和脂质体。一些皂苷已被证明可刺激 Th1 型免疫反应和细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞针对内源性抗原的产生，使其非常适合亚单位疫苗，特别是针对细胞内病原体的疫苗。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了皂苷的结构特征、作用机制、结构-活性关系、生物活性以及皂苷在各种病毒疫苗中的应用及其在 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗中的适用性。
