UPVD-CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Marins (CREM), Port-Barcarès, France.
PLoS One. 2020 Dec 10;15(12):e0237685. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237685. eCollection 2020.
Marine reserves constitute effective tools for preserving fish stocks and associated human benefits. However, not all reserves perform equally, and predicting the response of marine communities to management actions in the long run is challenging. Our decadal-scale survey of recreational fishing yields at France's 45-year old Cerbère-Banyuls marine reserve indicated significant protection benefits, with 40-50% higher fishing yields per unit effort in the partial-protection zone of the reserve (where fishing is permitted but at a lower level) than in surrounding non-reserve areas. Over the period 2005-2014, catch per unit effort (CPUE) declined both inside and outside the reserve, while weight per unit effort (WPUE) increased by 131% inside and decreased by 60% outside. Different CPUE and WPUE trajectories among fish families indicated changing catch assemblages, with yields increasing for the family most valued by fisheries, Sparidae (the ecological winners). However, reserve benefits were restricted to off-shore fishermen (the social winners), as on-shore yields were ~4 times lower and declining, even inside the reserve. Our study illustrates how surveys of recreational fishing yields can help evaluate the effectiveness of marine protected areas for key social and ecological protagonists. We show that, more than four decades after its establishment, fishing efficiencies at the historical Cerbère-Banyuls marine reserve are still changing, but benefits in terms of catch abundance, weight, and composition remain predominantly restricted to off-shore fishermen. Further regulations appear necessary to guarantee that conservation strategies equitably benefit societal groups.
海洋保护区是保护鱼类资源和相关人类利益的有效工具。然而，并非所有保护区的效果都相同，长期预测海洋社区对管理措施的反应具有挑战性。我们对法国 45 年历史的塞尔贝尔-巴纽尔斯海洋保护区的休闲渔业产量进行了十年一次的调查，结果表明该保护区具有显著的保护效益，保护区部分保护区（允许捕鱼，但水平较低）内的单位捕捞努力渔获量比周围非保护区高出 40-50%。在 2005-2014 年期间，保护区内外的单位捕捞努力渔获量（CPUE）均有所下降，而单位捕捞努力的体重（WPUE）则分别增加了 131%和减少了 60%。不同鱼类家族的 CPUE 和 WPUE 轨迹表明，捕捞组合发生了变化，渔业最看重的 Sparidae 家族（生态赢家）的产量增加。然而，保护区的效益仅限于近海渔民（社会赢家），因为即使在保护区内，近岸渔获量也低了约 4 倍，而且还在下降。我们的研究说明了休闲渔业产量调查如何有助于评估海洋保护区对关键社会和生态主角的有效性。我们表明，在其建立四十多年后，历史悠久的塞尔贝尔-巴纽尔斯海洋保护区的捕捞效率仍在发生变化，但在渔获量、重量和组成方面的收益仍然主要局限于近海渔民。需要进一步的法规来保证保护策略公平地惠及社会群体。
