Loprinzi Paul D, Harper Jacob, Olinyk Tatjana, Richards Jessica
Exercise & Memory Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
Health Promot Perspect. 2020 Nov 7;10(4):418-421. doi: 10.34172/hpp.2020.61. eCollection 2020.
The directed forgetting paradigm involves individuals encoding a list of words(List 1; L1) and then, prior to encoding a second list of words (List 2; L2), they are given specific instructions to either remember all the words from L1 or to try and forget these words. In this paradigm, after encoding L1, those who are given the directed forgetting (DF) instructions tend tore call more words for L2 when compared to those who were given the remember (R) instructions(DF benefit effect). Similarly, those given the DF instructions tend to recall fewer words from L1(DF cost effect). This DF phenomenon may, in part, occur via attentional inhibitory mechanisms, or mental context-change mechanisms, which may be influenced via acute exercise. The present experiment investigates if acute exercise can facilitate DF when exercise occurs after L1 forgetting instructions. Participants (N = 97; M = 21 years) were randomly assigned into either acute exercise (15-min high-intensity aerobic exercise) plus DF (EX + DF),2) DF (directed forgetting) only (DF) or 3) R (remember) only (R). A standard two list (L1 and L2)DF paradigm was employed. We observed evidence of a DF cost effect, but not a DF benefit effect. For L1, although both EX + DF and DF differed from R, there was no difference between EX + DF and DF. Further, although for L2, EX + DF was different than DF, neither of these groups differed when compared to R. We reserve caution in suggesting that exercise had a DF effect.
定向遗忘范式要求个体对一系列单词（列表1；L1）进行编码，然后，在对第二系列单词（列表2；L2）进行编码之前，给予他们特定的指令，要么记住L1中的所有单词，要么试图忘记这些单词。在这个范式中，在对L1进行编码后，与那些被给予记住（R）指令的人相比，那些被给予定向遗忘（DF）指令的人往往能回忆起更多的L2单词（DF益处效应）。同样，那些被给予DF指令的人往往能回忆起更少的L1单词（DF代价效应）。这种DF现象可能部分是通过注意力抑制机制或心理情境变化机制发生的，而这些机制可能会受到急性运动的影响。本实验研究了在L1遗忘指令后进行运动时，急性运动是否能促进DF。参与者（N = 97；M = 21岁）被随机分为三组：1）急性运动（15分钟高强度有氧运动）加DF（EX + DF），2）仅DF（定向遗忘）（DF），或3）仅R（记住）（R）。采用标准的双列表（L1和L2）DF范式。我们观察到了DF代价效应的证据，但没有观察到DF益处效应的证据。对于L1，虽然EX + DF和DF都与R不同，但EX + DF和DF之间没有差异。此外，虽然对于L2，EX + DF与DF不同，但与R相比，这两组都没有差异。我们在提出运动有DF效应这一观点时持谨慎态度。
