Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Nutrients. 2020 Dec 15;12(12):3827. doi: 10.3390/nu12123827.
Recent studies on whether dairy consumption is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have yielded inconsistent results, so we explored the relationship between dairy consumption and T2DM through a large-sample, cross-sectional study and a meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis, summary relative risks (RRs) of 23 articles were compiled with a random effects model, and a restricted cubic spline regression model was used to explore whether there is a nonlinear relationship between dairy intake and T2DM risk. This cross-sectional study used baseline data from 38,735 participants of the Henan Rural Cohort study and the association between dairy consumption and T2DM was analyzed by a logistic regression model. The meta-analysis revealed a borderline negative significant association between total dairy intake and risk of T2DM, the RR and 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.94; (0.89, 1.00), and the risk was lowest at 270 g daily dairy intake. In the cross-sectional study, there were 3654 T2DM patients and 68.3 percent of the respondents had no dairy intake. The average intake of dairy in the total population was 12 g per day. Fully adjusted analyses suggested positive associations, with an odds ratio (OR) comparing the highest with the zero intake of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.48) for all participants, which was unaffected by sex. Dairy intake in rural areas of Henan province is low, and we found, in the context of overall low dairy intake, that a high intake was positively associated with T2DM, which is inconsistent with the meta-analysis results suggesting that dairy has marginal protective effects against T2DM.
最近关于乳制品摄入与 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）之间关系的研究结果并不一致，因此我们通过一项大样本横断面研究和荟萃分析来探讨乳制品摄入与 T2DM 之间的关系。在荟萃分析中，采用随机效应模型对 23 项研究的汇总相对风险（RR）进行了编译，并采用限制性立方样条回归模型来探讨乳制品摄入量与 T2DM 风险之间是否存在非线性关系。这项横断面研究使用了河南农村队列研究的 38735 名参与者的基线数据，采用逻辑回归模型分析了乳制品摄入与 T2DM 之间的关系。荟萃分析显示，总乳制品摄入量与 T2DM 风险呈边缘负相关，RR 和 95%置信区间（CI）为 0.94；（0.89, 1.00），每日摄入 270 克乳制品时风险最低。在横断面研究中，有 3654 名 T2DM 患者，68.3%的受访者没有乳制品摄入。总人群中乳制品的平均摄入量为 12 克/天。完全调整后的分析表明存在正相关，与零摄入相比，最高摄入组的优势比（OR）为 1.34（95%CI：1.22, 1.48），在所有参与者中均不受性别影响。河南省农村地区的乳制品摄入量较低，我们发现，在整体乳制品摄入量较低的情况下，高摄入量与 T2DM 呈正相关，这与荟萃分析结果不一致，提示乳制品对 T2DM 有边际保护作用。
