Amir Mohammed, Brown Julia A, Rager Stephanie L, Sanidad Katherine Z, Ananthanarayanan Aparna, Zeng Melody Y
Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Microorganisms. 2020 Dec 15;8(12):1996. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8121996.
Pregnancy induces unique changes in maternal immune responses and metabolism. Drastic physiologic adaptations, in an intricately coordinated fashion, allow the maternal body to support the healthy growth of the fetus. The gut microbiome plays a central role in the regulation of the immune system, metabolism, and resistance to infections. Studies have reported changes in the maternal microbiome in the gut, vagina, and oral cavity during pregnancy; it remains unclear whether/how these changes might be related to maternal immune responses, metabolism, and susceptibility to infections during pregnancy. Our understanding of the concerted adaption of these different aspects of the human physiology to promote a successful pregnant remains limited. Here, we provide a comprehensive documentation and discussion of changes in the maternal microbiome in the gut, oral cavity, and vagina during pregnancy, metabolic changes and complications in the mother and newborn that may be, in part, driven by maternal gut dysbiosis, and, lastly, common infections in pregnancy. This review aims to shed light on how dysregulation of the maternal microbiome may underlie obstetrical metabolic complications and infections.
怀孕会引起母体免疫反应和新陈代谢的独特变化。剧烈的生理适应以一种错综复杂的协调方式，使母体能够支持胎儿的健康生长。肠道微生物群在免疫系统调节、新陈代谢和抗感染方面发挥着核心作用。研究报告了孕期母体肠道、阴道和口腔微生物群的变化；这些变化是否以及如何与孕期母体免疫反应、新陈代谢和感染易感性相关仍不清楚。我们对人类生理学这些不同方面协同适应以促进成功怀孕的理解仍然有限。在此，我们全面记录并讨论了孕期母体肠道、口腔和阴道微生物群的变化、母亲和新生儿可能部分由母体肠道微生物失调驱动的代谢变化及并发症，以及最后孕期常见的感染。本综述旨在阐明母体微生物群失调如何可能是产科代谢并发症和感染的潜在原因。
