Neuman Hadar, Koren Omry
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2017;88:1-9. doi: 10.1159/000455207. Epub 2017 Mar 27.
In recent years, microbiome research has revealed multiple essential roles of the microorganisms residing within the human body in host metabolism, immunity, and overall health. Numerous physiological and pathological states, including obesity and the metabolic syndrome, have been correlated with microbial changes, termed dysbiosis. Our microbiomes change in response to our environment, diet, weight, hormones, and other factors. It is, therefore, not surprising that there are also significant changes in the microbiome during pregnancy when dramatic weight gain and metabolic and immunological changes occur. In this review, we summarize the known changes in microbial composition throughout pregnancy at a variety of body sites, including the gut, vagina, oral cavity, and placenta, and we describe several studies that have linked pregnancy complications with microbial changes. Unlike the case of certain disease states, such as obesity, where dysbiosis is considered to have negative effects, we believe that the microbial alterations observed during pregnancy are vital for a healthy pregnancy. While more research in this field is required to reveal specific mechanisms and pathways regulating these alterations, the microbial changes during pregnancy are likely coordinated with the immune, endocrine, and metabolic states.
近年来，微生物组研究揭示了人体内微生物在宿主代谢、免疫及整体健康方面的多种重要作用。包括肥胖和代谢综合征在内的众多生理和病理状态都与微生物变化相关，这种变化被称为生态失调。我们的微生物组会随着环境、饮食、体重、激素及其他因素而变化。因此，孕期出现显著体重增加以及代谢和免疫变化时，微生物组也会发生重大变化也就不足为奇了。在这篇综述中，我们总结了孕期各个身体部位（包括肠道、阴道、口腔和胎盘）微生物组成的已知变化，并描述了一些将妊娠并发症与微生物变化联系起来的研究。与肥胖等某些疾病状态不同，在肥胖中生态失调被认为有负面影响，而我们认为孕期观察到的微生物改变对健康妊娠至关重要。虽然该领域需要更多研究来揭示调节这些改变的具体机制和途径，但孕期的微生物变化可能与免疫、内分泌和代谢状态相互协调。
