College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Apr 6;269:113688. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113688. Epub 2020 Dec 16.
Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. (known as Xuanshen) has been used in China for centuries as a traditional medicinal plant to treat numerous diseases including inflammation, hypertension, cancer, and diabetes.
In this review, we provide an update on the botany, pharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, traditional uses, and safety of S. ningpoensis to highlight future research needs and potential uses of this plant.
All information on S. ningpoensis was obtained from scientific databases including ScienceDirect, Springer, PubMed, Sci Finder, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar. Additional information was collected from Chinese herbal medicine books, Ph.D. dissertations, and M.Sc. Theses. Plant taxonomy was verified by "The Plant List" database (http://www.theplantlist.org).
S. ningpoensis displays fever reducing, detoxifying, and nourishing 'Yin' effects in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). More than 162 compounds have been identified and isolated from S. ningpoensis, including iridoids and iridoid glycosides, phenylpropanoid glycosides, organic acids, volatile oils, terpenoids, saccharides, flavonoids, sterols, and saponins. These compounds possess a diverse variety of pharmacological properties that affect the cardiovascular, hepatic, and nervous systems, and protect the body against inflammation, oxidation, and carcinogenesis.
Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that S. ningpoensis is a valuable Chinese medicinal herb with many pharmacological uses in the treatment of cardiovascular, diabetic, and liver diseases. Most of the S. ningpoensis activity may be attributed to iridoid glycosides and phenylpropanoid glycosides; however, detailed information on the molecular mechanisms, metabolic activity, toxicology, and structure-function relationships of active components is limited. Further comprehensive research to evaluate the medicinal properties of S. ningpoensis is needed.
玄参（Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.）在中国被用作传统药用植物已有数百年历史，用于治疗多种疾病，包括炎症、高血压、癌症和糖尿病。
在本次综述中，我们提供了玄参的植物学、药理学、植物化学、药代动力学、传统用途和安全性的最新信息，以突出该植物的未来研究需求和潜在用途。
所有关于玄参的信息均从科学数据库中获取，包括 ScienceDirect、Springer、PubMed、SciFinder、中国国家知识基础设施（CNKI）的中国知识资源综合数据库、Google Scholar 和百度学术。从中草药书籍、博士论文和硕士论文中获取了其他信息。通过"The Plant List"数据库（http://www.theplantlist.org）验证了植物分类学。
玄参在传统中医中具有退热、解毒和滋阴的作用。从玄参中已鉴定和分离出超过 162 种化合物，包括环烯醚萜和环烯醚萜苷、苯丙素糖苷、有机酸、挥发油、萜类、糖、类黄酮、甾醇和皂苷。这些化合物具有多种药理特性，影响心血管、肝脏和神经系统，并保护身体免受炎症、氧化和致癌作用的影响。
现代药理学研究证实，玄参是一种具有多种药理用途的有价值的中药，可用于治疗心血管、糖尿病和肝脏疾病。玄参的大部分活性可能归因于环烯醚萜苷和苯丙素糖苷；然而，关于活性成分的分子机制、代谢活性、毒理学和结构-功能关系的详细信息有限。需要进一步全面研究以评估玄参的药用特性。
