Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 16;17(24):9430. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249430.
In the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model, the combination of job demands, job control, and social support was hypothesized to lead to eight different constellations of job types. According to the model, these constellations are linked to wellbeing/health and learning outcomes. In the last three decades, these constellations of job types have been investigated by adopting a variable-centered perspective. However, latent profile analyses (LPA) enable a person-centered approach and empirically capture constellations of job types. In the present study, we used LPA to empirically identify distinct profiles of JDCS among Italian healthcare workers. Furthermore, we investigated the role of social stressors (workplace relationships and coworkers' incivility) as antecedents of these profiles and the association of these profiles with job burnout and work motivation. Results from LPA ( = 1671) revealed four profiles: Isolated Prisoner, Participatory Leader, Moderate Strain, and Low Strain. Negative relationships at work and coworkers' incivility increased the chances of being included in both Isolated prisoner and Participatory Leader profiles. Finally, the Isolated Prisoner and Moderate Strain profiles showed the highest levels of emotional exhaustion and cynicism and the lower levels of intrinsic work motivation. This study extends previous JDCS research, highlighting that researchers should consider empirically identified profiles rather than theoretically defined subgroups. Implications for stress theory, future research, and practice are discussed.
在工作需求-控制-支持（JDCS）模型中，工作需求、工作控制和社会支持的组合被假设为导致八种不同的工作类型星座。根据该模型，这些星座与幸福感/健康和学习成果有关。在过去的三十年中，这些工作类型的星座已经通过采用变量中心的视角进行了研究。然而，潜在剖面分析（LPA）可以采用以人为中心的方法，并从经验上捕捉工作类型的星座。在本研究中，我们使用 LPA 来实证识别意大利医疗保健工作者中的 JDCS 不同特征。此外，我们研究了社会压力源（工作场所关系和同事的不文明行为）作为这些特征的前因，以及这些特征与工作倦怠和工作动机的关联。LPA（n = 1671）的结果显示了四个特征：孤立的囚犯、参与式的领导者、适度的压力和低压力。工作中的负面关系和同事的不文明行为增加了被归入孤立囚犯和参与式领导者特征的机会。最后，孤立的囚犯和中度压力特征表现出最高水平的情绪耗竭和玩世不恭，以及较低水平的内在工作动机。这项研究扩展了之前的 JDCS 研究，强调研究人员应该考虑经验上确定的特征，而不是理论上定义的亚组。讨论了对压力理论、未来研究和实践的影响。
