Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway.
PLoS One. 2019 Dec 30;14(12):e0227336. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227336. eCollection 2019.
The Job Demands and Control model classifies job types as active, passive, low-strain or high-strain, based on a combination of job demands and control. While studies have shown high-strain jobs to have adverse consequences for health and work participation, prognostic factors for the four job types have been less explored. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between sociodemographic factors and job descriptors and being in high-strain, low-strain, active and passive jobs.
The WIRUS Screening study targeted Norwegian employees in private and public enterprises. In this study, associations with job types among 4,487 employees were investigated with binary logistic regression analyses, adjusting for sociodemographic and job-related variables.
In fully adjusted models, high-strain job was associated with female gender; lower education; shift work; and doing work outside the workplace. Low-strain job was associated with opposite scores on the same variables, and with lower job position. Active job was associated with lower age; female gender; higher levels of education; higher job position level; shift work; and not doing work outside the workplace. Passive job was associated with opposite scores on the same variables.
The study corroborates the role gender and education have for experiencing the job, and expands on existing knowledge on the role of job position and irregular working hours and spaces. By identifying factors associated with job types, the prevention of health problems and work disability may become be more targeted.
工作需求与控制模型根据工作需求和控制的组合，将工作类型分为主动型、被动型、低压力型或高压力型。虽然研究表明高压力型工作对健康和工作参与有不利影响，但四种工作类型的预后因素研究较少。本研究旨在评估社会人口因素和工作描述与高压力型、低压力型、主动型和被动型工作之间的关联。
WIRUS 筛查研究针对的是挪威私营和公共企业的员工。在这项研究中，我们使用二元逻辑回归分析调查了 4487 名员工的工作类型与社会人口和工作相关变量之间的关联。
在完全调整的模型中，高压力型工作与女性性别、较低的教育程度、轮班工作和在工作场所外工作有关。低压力型工作与上述变量的相反得分有关，且与较低的工作职位有关。主动型工作与较低的年龄、女性性别、较高的教育水平、较高的工作职位级别、轮班工作和不在工作场所外工作有关。被动型工作与上述变量的相反得分有关。
该研究证实了性别和教育对工作体验的作用，并扩展了关于工作职位、不规则工作时间和工作空间作用的现有知识。通过确定与工作类型相关的因素，可能会使预防健康问题和工作残疾更加有针对性。
