Wang Weitao, Arias D Sebastian, Deserno Markus, Ren Xi, Taylor Rebecca E
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
APL Bioeng. 2020 Dec 8;4(4):041507. doi: 10.1063/5.0027022. eCollection 2020 Dec.
DNA nanotechnology has proven exceptionally apt at probing and manipulating biological environments as it can create nanostructures of almost arbitrary shape that permit countless types of modifications, all while being inherently biocompatible. Emergent areas of particular interest are applications involving cellular membranes, but to fully explore the range of possibilities requires interdisciplinary knowledge of DNA nanotechnology, cell and membrane biology, and biophysics. In this review, we aim for a concise introduction to the intersection of these three fields. After briefly revisiting DNA nanotechnology, as well as the biological and mechanical properties of lipid bilayers and cellular membranes, we summarize strategies to mediate interactions between membranes and DNA nanostructures, with a focus on programmed delivery onto, into, and through lipid membranes. We also highlight emerging applications, including membrane sculpting, multicell self-assembly, spatial arrangement and organization of ligands and proteins, biomechanical sensing, synthetic DNA nanopores, biological imaging, and biomelecular sensing. Many critical but exciting challenges lie ahead, and we outline what strikes us as promising directions when translating DNA nanostructures for future and membrane applications.
DNA纳米技术已被证明在探测和操纵生物环境方面具有非凡的适应性，因为它可以创建几乎任意形状的纳米结构，允许进行无数类型的修饰，同时其本身具有生物相容性。特别令人感兴趣的新兴领域是涉及细胞膜的应用，但要充分探索各种可能性，需要具备DNA纳米技术、细胞与膜生物学以及生物物理学的跨学科知识。在这篇综述中，我们旨在对这三个领域的交叉点进行简要介绍。在简要回顾DNA纳米技术以及脂质双层和细胞膜的生物学与力学特性之后，我们总结了介导膜与DNA纳米结构之间相互作用的策略，重点是将其编程递送至脂质膜上、膜内以及穿过脂质膜。我们还强调了新兴应用，包括膜塑形、多细胞自组装、配体和蛋白质的空间排列与组织、生物力学传感、合成DNA纳米孔、生物成像以及生物分子传感。未来还有许多关键但令人兴奋的挑战，我们概述了在将DNA纳米结构转化用于未来膜应用时我们认为有前景的方向。
