Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, G. Herlinga-Grudzińskiego Street 1, 30-705 Kraków, Poland.
Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa Street 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 17;17(24):9466. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249466.
The aim of the research was to analyse the impact of gender on pain perception during and directly after tattooing, with the following predictors as covariates: the body area chosen for a tattoo, the character of the pain, the time it takes to complete the tattoo, bleeding, the level of stress, analgesics taken before the tattooing procedure, and the cycle phase.
A total of 1092 participants took part in this study (F: 863, M: 229). A proprietary survey was used in the research, including patient characteristics and questions relating to the above-mentioned variables. Multiple regression analyses were used for continuous outcomes and multiple logistic regression analyses for binary outcomes.
Factors increasing pain during tattooing include: time B: 0.35; 95% CIs: 0.27-0.43; = 0.001; bleeding B: 0.36; 95% CIs: 0.00-0.72; = 0.052; level of stress B: 0.45; 95% CIs: 0.31-0.60; = 0.001; pain medications taken before tattooing B: 1.42; 95% CIs: 0.60-2.23; = 0.001. Factors increasing pain after tattooing include: time B: 0.21; 95% CIs: 0.15-0.27; = 0.001; bleeding B: 0.47; 95% CIs: 0.20-0.72; = 0.001; level of stress B: 0.15; 95% CIs: 0.04-0.26; = 0.001.
There was no difference between females and males in pain intensity during tattooing. Directly after the procedure, however, pain intensity was higher in women when compared to men. The most important factors increasing pain were time, bleeding, and the level of stress.
本研究旨在分析纹身过程中和纹身结束后疼痛感知的性别差异，并将以下预测因素作为协变量进行分析：纹身部位、疼痛性质、纹身完成时间、出血、压力水平、纹身前使用的镇痛药以及月经周期阶段。
共有 1092 名参与者参与了这项研究（女性：863 人，男性：229 人）。研究中使用了一份专有调查问卷，包括患者特征和上述变量相关的问题。对于连续结果，我们使用多元回归分析；对于二分类结果，我们使用多元逻辑回归分析。
增加纹身过程中疼痛的因素包括：时间 B：0.35；95%置信区间：0.27-0.43； = 0.001；出血 B：0.36；95%置信区间：0.00-0.72； = 0.052；压力水平 B：0.45；95%置信区间：0.31-0.60； = 0.001；纹身前使用的疼痛药物 B：1.42；95%置信区间：0.60-2.23； = 0.001。增加纹身结束后疼痛的因素包括：时间 B：0.21；95%置信区间：0.15-0.27； = 0.001；出血 B：0.47；95%置信区间：0.20-0.72； = 0.001；压力水平 B：0.15；95%置信区间：0.04-0.26； = 0.001。
在纹身过程中，女性和男性的疼痛强度没有差异。然而，在手术后直接，女性的疼痛强度明显高于男性。增加疼痛的最重要因素是时间、出血和压力水平。
