Ezer Tamar, Overall Judy
Human Rights Clinic, University of Miami School of Law, Miami, FL, USA.
ASPHER Human Rights in Patient Care Initiative, Brussels, Belgium.
Public Health Rev. 2020 Dec 21;41(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s40985-020-00144-3.
This piece introduces the special Public Health Reviews collection on human rights in patient care (HRPC). Work on HRPC dates back to 2007 and an Open Society Foundations initiative in collaboration with partners in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. We found that for marginalized groups, health care settings often were places of coercion, punishment, and/or violence rather than of treatment or care. At the same time, health care providers often did not know of their legal obligations and how to incorporate human rights norms in their work. They themselves faced a lack of independence, unsafe working conditions, and sanctions for providing evidence-based care. Laws existed that could potentially address violations, but they were rarely enforced, and most people did not know what they were. HRPC brings human rights principles to health care delivery and addresses the rights of both patients and health care providers. It seeks to translate laws and procedures protecting rights into practical terms, linking national, regional, and international frameworks. The special collection explores various aspects of HRPC, including state responsibility in private health facilities, reproductive health, palliative care, and intersections with public health. It further explores dimensions relevant to particular populations, including Roma, people who use drugs, and transgender persons.
本文介绍了《公共卫生评论》关于患者护理中的人权(HRPC)的特别专辑。HRPC的工作可追溯到2007年,是开放社会基金会与东欧和中亚合作伙伴合作开展的一项倡议。我们发现,对于边缘化群体而言,医疗机构往往是强制、惩罚和/或暴力的场所,而非治疗或护理的场所。与此同时,医疗服务提供者往往不了解自己的法律义务,也不知道如何在工作中纳入人权规范。他们自身面临缺乏独立性、工作条件不安全以及因提供循证护理而受到制裁的问题。虽然存在一些可能解决侵权问题的法律,但这些法律很少得到执行,而且大多数人并不知晓这些法律。HRPC将人权原则引入医疗服务提供过程,关注患者和医疗服务提供者双方的权利。它力图将保护权利的法律和程序转化为实际行动,将国家、区域和国际框架联系起来。这个特别专辑探讨了HRPC的各个方面,包括私立医疗机构中的国家责任、生殖健康、姑息治疗以及与公共卫生的交叉领域。它还进一步探讨了与特定人群相关的层面,包括罗姆人、吸毒者和跨性别者。