Applied Biotechnology Group, Biomedical Science School, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanización El Bosque, Calle Tajo, s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain.
Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Bioresour Technol. 2021 Feb;322:124547. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124547. Epub 2020 Dec 16.
The use of magnetic biocatalysts is highly beneficial in bioprocesses technology, as it allows their easy recovering and enhances biocatalyst lifetime. Thus, it simplifies operational processing and increases efficiency, leading to more cost-effective processes. The use of small-size matrices as carriers for enzyme immobilization enables to maximize surface area and catalysts loading, also reducing diffusion limitations. As highly expensive nanoparticles (nm size) usually aggregate, their application at large scale is not recommended. In contrast, the use of magnetic micro-macro (µm-mm size) matrices leads to more homogeneous biocatalysts with null or very low aggregation, which facilitates an easy handling and recovery. The present review aims to highlight recent trends in the application of medium-to-high size magnetic biocatalysts in different areas (biodiesel production, food and pharma industries, protein purification or removal of environmental contaminants). The advantages and disadvantages of these above-mentioned magnetic biocatalysts in bioprocess technology will be also discussed.
在生物工艺技术中，使用磁性生物催化剂有很多好处，因为它可以方便地回收生物催化剂并延长其使用寿命。这样可以简化操作过程并提高效率，从而实现更具成本效益的工艺。使用小尺寸基质作为酶固定化的载体，可以最大限度地增加表面积和催化剂负载量，同时减少扩散限制。由于非常昂贵的纳米颗粒（nm 尺寸）通常会聚集，因此不建议在大规模应用。相比之下，使用磁性微-宏观（µm-mm 尺寸）基质可以得到更均匀的生物催化剂，几乎没有或只有非常低的聚集，这便于处理和回收。本综述旨在强调中到大尺寸磁性生物催化剂在不同领域（生物柴油生产、食品和制药行业、蛋白质纯化或去除环境污染物）中的应用的最新趋势。还将讨论这些磁性生物催化剂在生物工艺技术中的优缺点。
