Institute on Community Integration, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 18;17(24):9494. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249494.
An evaluation of support needs is fundamental to the provision of services to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Services should be organized by considering the support that people need to improve their quality of life and enforce their rights as citizens. This systematic review is conducted to analyze the rigor and usefulness of the available standardized tools for assessing support needs, as well as the uses of their results. Several databases were consulted, including Web of Sciences, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest Central, PsycInfo, ERIC, and CINAHL, and the 86 documents that met the review criteria were organized into four sections: (a) measurement tools, (b) descriptive/correlational studies, (c) predictive studies, and (d) interventions. The results showed that age, level of intellectual disability, adaptive behavior skills, the number and type of associated disabilities, and medical and behavioral needs affected the support needs of people with disabilities. Quality of life outcomes have been predicted by the individual's support needs, explaining a significant percentage of their variability. The findings are useful in guiding assessments and planning interventions. Further research should address the effectiveness of specific support strategies and the development of social policies and indicators for inclusion that involve assessing support needs.
对支持需求的评估是为智力和发育障碍者提供服务的基础。服务的组织应考虑人们提高生活质量和行使公民权利所需的支持。本系统评价旨在分析现有评估支持需求的标准化工具的严谨性和有用性，以及其结果的用途。我们查阅了多个数据库，包括 Web of Sciences、Scopus、PubMed、ProQuest Central、PsycInfo、ERIC 和 CINAHL，并将符合审查标准的 86 份文件组织成四个部分：(a)测量工具，(b)描述性/相关性研究，(c)预测研究，和(d)干预。结果表明，年龄、智力残疾程度、适应行为技能、相关残疾的数量和类型，以及医疗和行为需求，影响了残疾人士的支持需求。个人的支持需求可以预测生活质量的结果，解释了其可变性的很大一部分。这些发现有助于指导评估和规划干预措施。进一步的研究应该解决特定支持策略的有效性以及制定涉及评估支持需求的包容性社会政策和指标。
