Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Szent György Hospital, 8000 Székesfehérvár, Hungary.
Cells. 2020 Dec 18;9(12):2718. doi: 10.3390/cells9122718.
Similar to other cell types, neutrophilic granulocytes also release extracellular vesicles (EVs), mainly medium-sized microvesicles/microparticles. According to published data, authors have reached a consensus on the physical parameters (size, density) and chemical composition (surface proteins, proteomics) of neutrophil-derived EVs. In contrast, there is large diversity and even controversy in the reported functional properties. Part of the discrepancy may be ascribed to differences in the viability of the starting cells, in eliciting factors, in separation techniques and in storage conditions. However, the most recent data from our laboratory prove that the same population of neutrophils is able to generate EVs with different functional properties, transmitting pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects on neighboring cells. Previously we have shown that Mac-1 integrin is a key factor that switches anti-inflammatory EV generation into pro-inflammatory and antibacterial EV production. This paper reviews current knowledge on the functional alterations initiated by neutrophil-derived EVs, listing their effects according to the triggering agents and target cells. We summarize the presence of neutrophil-derived EVs in pathological processes and their perspectives in diagnostics and therapy. Finally, the functional heterogeneity of differently triggered EVs indicates that neutrophils are capable of producing a broad spectrum of EVs, depending on the environmental conditions prevailing at the time of EV genesis.
与其他细胞类型类似，嗜中性粒细胞也会释放细胞外囊泡 (EVs)，主要是中等大小的微囊泡/微颗粒。根据已发表的数据，作者在嗜中性粒细胞来源的 EV 的物理参数（大小、密度）和化学组成（表面蛋白、蛋白质组学）方面已经达成共识。相比之下，报道的功能特性存在很大的差异，甚至存在争议。部分差异可能归因于起始细胞活力、诱导因子、分离技术和储存条件的差异。然而，我们实验室的最新数据证明，相同的嗜中性粒细胞群体能够产生具有不同功能特性的 EV，从而向邻近细胞传递促炎或抗炎作用。我们之前已经表明，Mac-1 整合素是将抗炎 EV 生成切换为促炎和抗菌 EV 产生的关键因素。本文综述了嗜中性粒细胞来源的 EV 引发的功能改变的最新知识，根据触发剂和靶细胞列出了它们的作用。我们总结了嗜中性粒细胞衍生的 EV 在病理过程中的存在及其在诊断和治疗中的前景。最后，不同触发的 EV 的功能异质性表明，嗜中性粒细胞能够根据 EV 发生时占主导地位的环境条件产生广泛的 EV 谱。
