Schantz Clémence, Pantelias Anne-Charlotte, de Loenzien Myriam, Ravit Marion, Rozenberg Patrick, Louis-Sylvestre Christine, Goyet Sophie
Centre d'Etude des Mouvements Sociaux, CNRS/EHESS FRE2023 - INSERM U1276, Paris, France.
Centre Population et Développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et Université de Paris, INSERM ERL 1244, Paris, France.
Reprod Biomed Soc Online. 2020 Nov 19;12:69-78. doi: 10.1016/j.rbms.2020.10.003. eCollection 2021 Mar.
The experience of childbirth has been technologized worldwide, leading to major social changes. In France, childbirth occurs almost exclusively in hospitals. Few studies have been published on the opinions of French women regarding obstetric technology and, in particular, caesarean section. In 2017-2018, we used a mixed methods approach to determine French women's preferences regarding the mode of delivery, and captured their experiences and satisfaction in relation to childbirth in two maternity settings. Of 284 pregnant women, 277 (97.5%) expressed a preference for vaginal birth, while seven (2.5%) women expressed a preference for caesarean section. Vaginal birth was also preferred among 26 women who underwent an in-depth interview. Vaginal birth was perceived as more natural, less risky and less painful, and to favour mother-child bonding. This vision was shared by caregivers. The women who expressed a preference for vaginal birth tended to remain sexually active late in their pregnancy, to find sexual intercourse pleasurable, and to believe that vaginal birth would not enlarge their vagina. A large majority (94.5%) of women who gave birth vaginally were satisfied with their childbirth experience, compared with 24.3% of those who underwent caesarean section. The caring attitude of the caregivers contributed to increasing this satisfaction. The notion of women's 'empowerment' emerged spontaneously in women's discourse in this research: women who gave birth vaginally felt satisfied and empowered. The vision shared by caregivers and women that vaginal birth is a natural process contributes to the stability of caesarean section rates in France.
分娩体验在全球范围内都已技术化，这导致了重大的社会变革。在法国，分娩几乎都在医院进行。关于法国女性对产科技术尤其是剖宫产的看法，发表的研究很少。在2017 - 2018年，我们采用了混合研究方法来确定法国女性对分娩方式的偏好，并在两种产科环境中了解她们的分娩经历和满意度。在284名孕妇中，277名（97.5%）表示更倾向于顺产，而7名（2.5%）女性表示更倾向于剖宫产。在接受深入访谈的26名女性中，也更倾向于顺产。顺产被认为更自然、风险更小、痛苦更少，且有利于母婴情感联结。护理人员也认同这种观点。倾向于顺产的女性在孕期后期往往仍保持性活跃，觉得性生活愉悦，并认为顺产不会使阴道松弛。顺产的女性中绝大多数（94.5%）对分娩体验感到满意，而剖宫产的女性中这一比例为24.3%。护理人员的关怀态度有助于提高这种满意度。在这项研究中，女性话语中自发出现了“赋权”的概念：顺产的女性感到满意且有力量。护理人员和女性都认为顺产是一个自然过程，这有助于法国剖宫产率的稳定。
