Navarro-Soria Ignasi, Juárez-Ruiz de Mier Rocío, García-Fernández José Manuel, González-Gómez Carlota, Real-Fernández Marta, Sánchez-Múñoz de León Marta, Lavigne-Cervan Rocío
Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 7;11:552322. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.552322. eCollection 2020.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. People who have this disorder are characterized by presenting difficulties in the processes of sustained attention, being very active, and having poor control of their impulses. Despite the high prevalence of this disorder and the existence of various tests used for its diagnosis, few data are available regarding the usefulness and diagnostic validity of these tools. Given the difficulties that these subjects present in executive functions, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the Neuropsychological Assessment of Executive Functions battery for Children (ENFEN, for its acronym in Spanish, Portellano et al., 2009) allows to establish specific profiles of executive performance for people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The sample was made up of 197 participants of both sexes, aged between 6 and 12 years age (134 with a clinical diagnosis and 63 without pathology). A nonexperimental design was followed, using a comparative descriptive study method. The results indicated that the scales of phonological fluency, color path, rings, and interference are the most associated with the diagnosis of ADHD, providing data on inhibition, mental flexibility, sustained and selective attention, planning, verbal fluency, and working memory, among others. The practical implication of these results is in line with providing support in the clinical diagnosis that is carried out in children's mental health units. In addition, the ENFEN tool can be valued as a suitable psychometric instrument in the psychoeducational field, helping professionals in a school environment to be more aware of the areas of cognitive development in which a student diagnosed with ADHD will have more difficulties and, in doing so, providing more adjusted and effective psychopedagogical measures when it comes to supporting students in their adaptation to the school environment.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是儿童和青少年中最常见的神经发育障碍之一。患有这种疾病的人表现为在持续注意力过程中存在困难、非常活跃且冲动控制能力差。尽管这种疾病的患病率很高，并且存在各种用于诊断的测试，但关于这些工具的有用性和诊断有效性的数据却很少。鉴于这些受试者在执行功能方面存在困难，本研究的目的是评估儿童执行功能神经心理评估量表（ENFEN，西班牙语首字母缩写，Portellano等人，2009年）是否能够为注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患者建立特定的执行表现特征。样本由197名年龄在6至12岁之间的男女参与者组成（134名有临床诊断，63名无病理状况）。采用非实验设计，使用比较描述性研究方法。结果表明，语音流畅性、颜色路径、圆环和干扰量表与ADHD诊断最相关，提供了关于抑制、心理灵活性、持续和选择性注意力、计划、言语流畅性和工作记忆等方面的数据。这些结果的实际意义在于为儿童心理健康单位进行的临床诊断提供支持。此外，ENFEN工具可被视为心理教育领域中一种合适的心理测量工具，帮助学校环境中的专业人员更清楚地了解被诊断患有ADHD的学生在认知发展方面会遇到更多困难的领域，从而在支持学生适应学校环境时提供更有针对性和有效的心理教育措施。
