Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Graduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Oncology and Medical Sciences, Center of Oncology Researches, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, Brazil.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 21;21(24):9742. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249742.
Cervical cancer (CC) continues to be one of the leading causes of death for women across the world. Although it has been determined that papillomavirus infection is one of the main causes of the etiology of the disease, genetic and epigenetic factors are also required for its progression. Among the epigenetic factors are included the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcripts of more than 200 nucleotides (nt) that generally do not code for proteins and have been associated with diverse functions such as the regulation of transcription, translation, RNA metabolism, as well as stem cell maintenance and differentiation, cell autophagy and apoptosis. Recently, studies have begun to characterize the aberrant regulation of lncRNAs in CC cells and tissues, including Homeobox transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), H19, Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), Cervical Carcinoma High-Expressed 1 (CCHE1), Antisense noncoding RNA in the inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (ANRIL), Growth arrest special 5 (GAS5) and Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1). They have been associated with several disease-related processes such as cell growth, cell proliferation, cell survival, metastasis and invasion as well as therapeutic resistance, and are novel potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in CC. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the knowledge we have about the roles and mechanisms of the lncRNAs in cervical neoplasia.
宫颈癌（CC）仍然是全球女性死亡的主要原因之一。虽然已经确定人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染是该病病因的主要原因之一，但遗传和表观遗传因素也是其进展所必需的。表观遗传因素包括长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA），即长度超过 200 个核苷酸（nt）的转录本，通常不编码蛋白质，并与多种功能相关，如转录、翻译、RNA 代谢以及干细胞维持和分化、细胞自噬和细胞凋亡的调节。最近，研究开始描述 lncRNA 在 CC 细胞和组织中的异常调节，包括同源盒转录反义 RNA（HOTAIR）、H19、肺腺癌转移相关转录本 1（MALAT1）、宫颈癌高表达 1（CCHE1）、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶 4 抑制剂的反义非编码 RNA（ANRIL）、生长停滞特异基因 5（GAS5）和浆细胞瘤变异易位 1（PVT1）。它们与多种与疾病相关的过程相关，如细胞生长、细胞增殖、细胞存活、转移和侵袭以及治疗耐药性，是 CC 诊断和预后的新型潜在生物标志物。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于 lncRNA 在宫颈癌发生中的作用和机制的文献知识。
