Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Division of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2023 Jun;10(2):172-183. doi: 10.1007/s40572-023-00397-5. Epub 2023 May 25.
Aquatic foods are increasingly being recognized as a diverse, bioavailable source of nutrients, highlighting the importance of fisheries and aquaculture for human nutrition. However, studies focusing on the nutrient supply of aquatic foods often differ in the nutrients they examine, potentially biasing their contribution to nutrition security and leading to ineffective policies or management decisions.
We create a decision framework to effectively select nutrients in aquatic food research based on three key domains: human physiological importance, nutritional needs of the target population (demand), and nutrient availability in aquatic foods compared to other accessible dietary sources (supply). We highlight 41 nutrients that are physiologically important, exemplify the importance of aquatic foods relative to other food groups in the food system in terms of concentration per 100 g and apparent consumption, and provide future research pathways that we consider of high importance for aquatic food nutrition. Overall, our study provides a framework to select focal nutrients in aquatic food research and ensures a methodical approach to quantifying the importance of aquatic foods for nutrition security and public health.
目的综述：水生食品作为营养成分丰富且来源多样的食物，正逐渐受到人们的重视，这突显了渔业和水产养殖对人类营养的重要性。然而，关注水生食品营养供应的研究往往侧重于不同的营养成分，这可能导致对其营养保障作用的评估出现偏差，并最终导致无效的政策或管理决策。
最近的发现：我们创建了一个决策框架，以便根据三个关键领域有效选择水生食品研究中的营养成分：人类生理重要性、目标人群的营养需求（需求）以及与其他可获得膳食来源（供应）相比，水生食品中的营养成分的可获得性。我们重点介绍了 41 种具有生理重要性的营养成分，这些营养成分在 100g 食品中的浓度和表观消耗量方面，相对于其他食物组在食物系统中体现了水生食品的重要性，同时还提供了我们认为对水生食品营养具有高度重要性的未来研究途径。总的来说，本研究为选择水生食品研究中的重点营养成分提供了一个框架，并确保了一种系统的方法来量化水生食品对营养保障和公共健康的重要性。
