Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK.
J Neurochem. 2021 May;157(3):413-428. doi: 10.1111/jnc.15288. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
Parkinson disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease, in which the formation of misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein is a key neuropathological hallmark. Recent studies reveal that extracellular vesicles such as exosomes present a potential mechanism for propagation of pathological α-synuclein throughout the brain. The ability of exosomes to transport proteins and genetic material between cells, including mRNA and microRNAs which have been implicated in PD pathology, provides critical insights as to how exosomes may contribute to pathological progression in PD. Advances have also been made in the investigation of exosomes as potential tools for the modulation of Parkinson's pathology; their detection extracellularly may facilitate their use as biomarkers, while their small size could be utilised as vectors for the delivery of therapeutics. The aim of this review was to highlight our current knowledge of the role of exosomes in PD and potential clinical application.
帕金森病（PD）是一种常见的神经退行性疾病，其中错误折叠和聚集的α-突触核蛋白的形成是关键的神经病理学标志。最近的研究表明，细胞外囊泡（如外泌体）提供了一种在整个大脑中传播病理性α-突触核蛋白的潜在机制。外泌体能够在细胞之间运输蛋白质和遗传物质，包括与 PD 病理学有关的 mRNA 和 microRNAs，这为外泌体如何促进 PD 的病理进展提供了重要的见解。在将外泌体作为调节帕金森病病理学的潜在工具进行研究方面也取得了进展；它们在细胞外的检测可能有助于将其用作生物标志物，而其小尺寸可被利用作为递送至治疗剂的载体。本综述的目的是强调我们目前对细胞外囊泡在 PD 中的作用及其潜在临床应用的认识。
