Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China.
Microb Pathog. 2021 Jan;150:104719. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104719. Epub 2020 Dec 26.
The recent outbreak of Covid-19 is posing a severe threat to public health globally. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are the largest known group of positive-sense RNA viruses surviving on an extensive number of natural hosts. CoVs are enveloped and non-segmented viruses with a size between 80 and 120 nm. CoV attachment to the surface receptor and its subsequent entrance into cells is mediated by Spike glycoprotein (S). For enhanced CoV entry and successful pathogenesis of CoV, proteolytic processing and receptor-binding act synergistically for induction of large-scale S conformational changes. The shape, size and orientation of receptor-binding domains in viral attachment proteins are well conserved among viruses of different classes that utilize the same receptor. Therefore, investigations unraveling the distribution of cellular receptors with respect to CoV entry, structural aspects of glycoproteins and related conformational changes are highly significant for understanding virus invasion and infection spread. We present the characteristic features of CoV S-Proteins, their significance for CoVs and related receptor binding activities for pathogenesis and viral survival. We are analyzing the novel role of S-protein of CoVs along with their interactive receptors for improving host immunity and decreasing infection spread. This is hoped that presented information will open new ways in tackling coronavirus, especially for the ongoing epidemic.
最近爆发的 COVID-19 对全球公共卫生构成了严重威胁。冠状病毒（CoV）是目前已知的最大的正链 RNA 病毒群，在大量自然宿主中生存。CoV 是有包膜和非节段的病毒，大小在 80 到 120nm 之间。CoV 通过 Spike 糖蛋白（S）与表面受体结合并随后进入细胞。为了增强 CoV 的进入和成功发病，蛋白水解加工和受体结合协同作用诱导 S 构象的大规模变化。不同类别使用相同受体的病毒之间，病毒附着蛋白的受体结合域的形状、大小和方向在很大程度上是保守的。因此，对于了解病毒入侵和感染传播，揭示细胞受体与 CoV 进入、糖蛋白的结构方面以及相关构象变化的分布的研究具有重要意义。我们介绍了 CoV S-蛋白的特征、它们对 CoV 的重要性以及它们在发病机制和病毒存活中的相关受体结合活性。我们正在分析 CoV S 蛋白及其相互作用受体在提高宿主免疫力和减少感染传播方面的新作用。希望这些信息能为应对冠状病毒，特别是目前正在流行的疫情，开辟新的途径。
