Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Cells. 2020 Dec 23;10(1):11. doi: 10.3390/cells10010011.
The word myeloid is derived from the Greek word which means "marrow". Therefore, myeloid cells are described as cells that arise in the bone marrow. They can be distinguished from lymphoid cells based on their different differentiation trajectories-Lymphoid cells (B and T cells) are usually born in the bone marrow, but they need to migrate to lymphoid organs to mature and differentiate usually in response to antigens produced due to infections and diseases like cancer. On the other hand, myeloid cells do not follow this differentiation trajectory. They arise from the bone marrow, and do not need an encounter with antigens to gain their functionality. Thus, while lymphoid cells are a part of the adaptive immune system, myeloid cells are a part of the innate immune system. Hematopoiesis gives rise to two progenitor cells-the common myeloid progenitor (CMP) and the common lymphoid progenitor (CLP). The CMP can give rise to megakaryocytes, erythrocytes, mast cells and myeloblasts. Myeloblasts in turn lead to the formation of basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes that can further differentiate into macrophages. This review will focus on macrophages as well as the phenotypes they acquire with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). It will address how cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) recruit macrophages and may switch to recruiting neutrophils upon depletion of these tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Finally, it will also shed light on past and current treatment options that specifically target these cells and how those affect patient outcomes in TNBC.
髓样这个词来源于希腊语 ，意思是“骨髓”。因此，髓样细胞被描述为起源于骨髓的细胞。它们可以根据其不同的分化轨迹与淋巴样细胞区分开来——淋巴样细胞（B 和 T 细胞）通常在骨髓中产生，但它们需要迁移到淋巴器官中成熟和分化，通常是对感染和癌症等疾病产生的抗原作出反应。另一方面，髓样细胞不遵循这种分化轨迹。它们起源于骨髓，不需要与抗原接触就能获得功能。因此，虽然淋巴样细胞是适应性免疫系统的一部分，但髓样细胞是固有免疫系统的一部分。造血产生两个祖细胞——共同髓样祖细胞（CMP）和共同淋巴样祖细胞（CLP）。CMP 可以产生巨核细胞、红细胞、肥大细胞和髓样母细胞。髓样母细胞进而导致嗜碱性粒细胞、中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和单核细胞的形成，这些细胞可以进一步分化为巨噬细胞。这篇综述将重点介绍巨噬细胞以及它们在三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）中的肿瘤免疫微环境（TIME）中获得的表型。它将探讨肿瘤微环境（TME）中的癌细胞如何招募巨噬细胞，并在耗尽这些肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）时可能转而招募中性粒细胞。最后，它还将阐明过去和当前专门针对这些细胞的治疗选择，以及这些选择如何影响 TNBC 患者的预后。
