Instituto de Neurociencias, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
Centro de Investigación Interoperativo en Ciencias Odontológicas y Médicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360004, Chile.
J Exp Biol. 2021 Feb 5;224(Pt 3):jeb233619. doi: 10.1242/jeb.233619.
The gut microbiome has been proposed to influence diverse behavioral traits of animals, although the experimental evidence is limited and often contradictory. Here, we made use of the tractability of for both behavioral analyses and microbiome studies to test how elimination of microorganisms affects a number of behavioral traits. Relative to conventional flies (i.e. with unaltered microbiome), microbiologically sterile (axenic) flies displayed a moderate reduction in memory performance in olfactory appetitive conditioning and courtship assays. The microbiological status of the flies had a small or no effect on anxiety-like behavior (centrophobism) or circadian rhythmicity of locomotor activity, but axenic flies tended to sleep for longer and displayed reduced sleep rebound after sleep deprivation. These last two effects were robust for most tests conducted on both wild-type Canton S and strains, as well for tests using an isogenized panel of flies with mutations in the gene, which causes altered circadian rhythmicity. Interestingly, the effect of absence of microbiota on a few behavioral features, most notably instantaneous locomotor activity speed, varied among wild-type strains. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the microbiome can have subtle but significant effects on specific aspects of behavior, some of which are dependent on genetic background.
肠道微生物组被认为会影响动物的多种行为特征，尽管实验证据有限且往往相互矛盾。在这里，我们利用 易于进行行为分析和微生物组研究，来测试微生物的消除如何影响多种行为特征。与传统的果蝇（即未改变微生物组的果蝇）相比，无菌（无菌）果蝇在嗅觉食欲条件反射和求偶试验中的记忆表现适度降低。果蝇的微生物状态对焦虑样行为（中心恐惧症）或运动活动的昼夜节律性几乎没有影响或没有影响，但无菌果蝇往往睡眠时间更长，并且在睡眠剥夺后睡眠反弹减少。这些最后两个影响对于在大多数基于野生型 Canton S 和 品系进行的测试以及使用 基因发生突变的同基因化果蝇面板进行的测试都是稳健的，而 基因会导致昼夜节律性改变。有趣的是，微生物组对少数行为特征（最显著的是瞬时运动速度）的缺失的影响在野生型菌株之间存在差异。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，微生物组可能对 的某些行为特征产生微妙但重要的影响，其中一些特征取决于遗传背景。
