Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1312:1-17. doi: 10.1007/5584_2020_613.
COVID-19 is the current day pandemic that has claimed around 1,054,604 lives globally till date. Moreover, the number of deaths is going to increase over the next few months until the pandemic comes to an end, and a second wave has also been reported in few countries. Most interestingly, the death rate among certain populations from the same COVID-19 infection is highly variable. For instance, the European populations show a very high death rate, in contrast to the populations from Chinese ethnicities. Amongst all the closed cases with an outcome (total recovered + total died), the death rate in Italy is 13%, Iran is 6%, China is 5%, Brazil is 3%, The United States of America is 2%, India 2%, Israel is 1% as of October 08, 2020. However, the percentage was higher during the early phase of the pandemic. Moreover, the global death rate amongst all the patients with an outcome is 4%. Here we have reviewed virus-transmitted various respiratory tract infections and postulated a better understanding of SARS-CoV2 using lung stem cell organoids in vitro. Hence, here we propose the strategies of understanding first the infectivity/severity ratio of COVID-19 infections using various ethnicity originated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung stem cell organoids in vitro. The greater the infectivity to severity ratio, the better the disease outcome with the value of 1 being the worst disease outcome. This strategy will be useful for understanding the infectivity/severity ratio of virus induced respiratory tract infections for a possible betterment of community-based disease management. Also, such a strategy will be useful for screening the effect of various antiviral drugs/repurposed drugs for their efficacy in vitro.
COVID-19 是目前全球大流行的疾病，迄今为止已导致全球约 1,054,604 人死亡。此外，在未来几个月内，死亡人数还将继续增加，直到大流行结束，一些国家也报告了第二波疫情。有趣的是，来自同一 COVID-19 感染的某些人群的死亡率差异很大。例如，欧洲人群的死亡率非常高，而来自中国族群的人群则不然。在所有有结果（全部康复+全部死亡）的病例中，意大利的死亡率为 13%，伊朗为 6%，中国为 5%，巴西为 3%，美国为 2%，印度为 2%，以色列为 1%，截至 2020 年 10 月 8 日。然而，在大流行的早期阶段，这一比例更高。此外，所有有结果的患者的全球死亡率为 4%。在这里，我们回顾了病毒传播的各种呼吸道感染，并通过体外肺干细胞类器官对 SARS-CoV2 进行了更好的理解。因此，在这里我们提出了使用源自不同种族的诱导多能干细胞衍生的肺干细胞类器官体外首先了解 COVID-19 感染的传染性/严重程度比的策略。传染性/严重程度比越大，疾病结局越好，比值为 1 时疾病结局最差。该策略将有助于了解病毒引起的呼吸道感染的传染性/严重程度比，从而可能改善社区为基础的疾病管理。此外，该策略将有助于筛选各种抗病毒药物/重新利用药物的效果，以评估其在体外的疗效。
