Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Poland.
Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Poland.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2021 Mar;110:35-43. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.016. Epub 2020 Dec 31.
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins of vital importance in the body's immune response. They are formed in different types of cells and have been found in fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals. Two types of IFN have been found in ray-finned fish (Superclass: Osteichthyes, Class: Actinopterygii) so far, i.e. IFN type I (IFN I) and IFN type II (IFN II), while the presence of IFN type III (IFN III), which is found in phylogenetically older cartilaginous fishes, was not confirmed in this taxonomic group of vertebrates. Currently, type I IFN in Actinopterygii is divided into three groups, I, II and III, within which there are subgroups. These cytokines in these animals show primarily antiviral activity through the use of a signalling pathway JAK-STAT (Janus kinases - Signal transducer and activator of transcription) and the ability to induce ISG (IFN-stimulated genes) expression, which contain ISRE complexes (IFN-stimulated response elements). On the other hand, in Perciformes and Cyprinidae, it was found that type I/I interferons also participate in the antimicrobial response, inter alia, by inducing the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and influencing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells carrying out the phagocytosis process.
干扰素（IFNs）是机体免疫反应中至关重要的蛋白质。它们在不同类型的细胞中形成，已在鱼类、两栖动物、爬行动物和哺乳动物中发现。迄今为止，已在硬骨鱼类（超纲：硬骨鱼纲，纲：辐鳍鱼纲）中发现了两种类型的 IFN，即 IFN Ⅰ（IFN I）和 IFN Ⅱ（IFN II），而在这一类脊椎动物中尚未证实存在在系统发生上更古老的软骨鱼类中发现的 IFN Ⅲ（IFN III）。目前，硬骨鱼纲中的 I 型 IFN 分为 I、II 和 III 三组，其中又有亚组。这些动物中的细胞因子主要通过 JAK-STAT（Janus 激酶 - 信号转导和转录激活因子）信号通路和诱导 ISG（IFN 刺激基因）表达的能力发挥抗病毒活性，其中包含 ISRE 复合物（IFN 刺激反应元件）。另一方面，在鲈形目和鲤科鱼类中发现，I 型/Ⅰ型干扰素也参与了抗菌反应，包括诱导诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的表达，并影响吞噬过程中细胞内活性氧（ROS）的产生。
