Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Theory of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 31;18(1):245. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010245.
Physical inactivity of children can be a precursor of reduced bone mineral density, considered to be a typical problem only in old age. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mineral density in 96 Polish boys aged 14-17 years with varied physical activity (swimmers, track and field athletes, non-athletes) and the effect of bone composition, birth weight and breastfeeding during infancy on bone parameters. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed according to the kinanthropometric standards. Bone parameters of the forearm were measured by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data on the infant's birth weight and the length of breastfeeding were collected during direct interviews with mothers. The strongest links with bone parameters were found for the type of physical activity and birth weight. Regardless of birth weight, track and field athletes had the most advantageous bone parameters (mainly sT-score prox values). Swimmers with normal or low birth weight had less favourable sT-score prox values than non-athletes. The type of physical activity proved to be an important determinant of bone parameters. Childhood and adolescence are important periods of bone development and increasing the content of bone mineral components, and the bone status in later years of life depends to a large extent on this period. The perinatal period, especially the correct birth weight of the child, not only has a significant effect on general health, but also on bone status.
儿童身体活动不足可能是骨密度降低的前兆，而骨密度降低通常被认为是老年才会出现的问题。本研究的目的是评估 96 名 14-17 岁的波兰男孩的骨密度，这些男孩的身体活动各不相同（游泳运动员、田径运动员和非运动员），并探讨骨成分、出生体重和婴儿期母乳喂养对骨骼参数的影响。根据人体测量学标准进行人体测量和身体成分测量。通过双能 X 射线吸收法测量前臂的骨骼参数。通过直接采访母亲收集婴儿出生体重和母乳喂养时间的数据。研究发现，运动类型和出生体重与骨骼参数之间存在最强的关联。无论出生体重如何，田径运动员的骨骼参数（主要是桡骨近端 sT 评分）都具有最大优势。出生体重正常或较低的游泳运动员的桡骨近端 sT 评分不如非运动员。运动类型是骨骼参数的重要决定因素。儿童期和青春期是骨骼发育和增加骨矿物质成分含量的重要时期，而生命后期的骨骼状况在很大程度上取决于这一时期。围产期，特别是孩子的正确出生体重，不仅对整体健康有重大影响，对骨骼状况也有重大影响。
