Cognitive Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.
RNA Biol. 2021 Jul;18(7):1025-1036. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1868165. Epub 2021 Jan 4.
The majority of transcriptionally active RNA derived from the mammalian genome does not code for protein. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is the most abundant form of noncoding RNA found in the brain and is involved in many aspects of cellular metabolism. Beyond their fundamental role in the nucleus as decoys for RNA-binding proteins associated with alternative splicing or as guides for the epigenetic regulation of protein-coding gene expression, recent findings indicate that activity-induced lncRNAs also regulate neural plasticity. In this review, we discuss how lncRNAs may exert molecular control over brain function beyond their known roles in the nucleus. We propose that subcellular localization is a critical feature of experience-dependent lncRNA activity in the brain, and that lncRNA-mediated control over RNA metabolism at the synapse serves to regulate local mRNA stability and translation, thereby influencing neuronal function, learning and memory.
哺乳动物基因组中转录活跃的 RNA 大多数不编码蛋白质。长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）是在大脑中发现的最丰富的非编码 RNA 形式，参与细胞代谢的许多方面。除了作为与选择性剪接相关的 RNA 结合蛋白的诱饵或作为蛋白编码基因表达的表观遗传调控的向导在核内的基本作用之外，最近的研究结果表明，活性诱导的 lncRNA 也调节神经可塑性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 lncRNA 如何在核内发挥对脑功能的分子控制，超出了它们在核内的已知作用。我们提出，亚细胞定位是大脑中经验依赖性 lncRNA 活性的一个关键特征，lncRNA 对突触处 RNA 代谢的调节作用可以调节局部 mRNA 的稳定性和翻译，从而影响神经元功能、学习和记忆。
