Qin Bo, Zhang Qi, Chen Dan, Yu Hai-Yang, Luo Ai-Xiang, Suo Liang-Peng, Cai Yan, Cai De-Yang, Luo Jia, Huang Ju-Fang, Xiong Kun
Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, Hubei, China.
Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Histol Histopathol. 2021 Jun;36(6):615-632. doi: 10.14670/HH-18-297. Epub 2021 Jan 5.
Mesenchymal stem cells play an important role in tissue damage and repair. This role is mainly due to a paracrine mechanism, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important part of the paracrine function. EVs play a vital role in many aspects of cell homeostasis, physiology, and pathology, and EVs can be used as clinical biomarkers, vaccines, or drug delivery vehicles. A large number of studies have shown that EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EVs) play an important role in the treatment of various diseases. However, the problems of low production, low retention rate, and poor targeting of MSC-EVs are obstacles to current clinical applications. The engineering transformation of MSC-EVs can make up for those shortcomings, thereby improving treatment efficiency. This review summarizes the latest research progress of MSC-EV direct and indirect engineering transformation from the aspects of improving MSC-EV retention rate, yield, targeting, and MSC-EV visualization research, and proposes some feasible MSC-EV engineering methods of transformation.
间充质干细胞在组织损伤和修复中发挥着重要作用。这一作用主要归因于旁分泌机制，而细胞外囊泡（EVs）是旁分泌功能的重要组成部分。EVs在细胞内稳态、生理学和病理学的许多方面都起着至关重要的作用，并且EVs可用作临床生物标志物、疫苗或药物递送载体。大量研究表明，源自间充质干细胞的EVs（MSC-EVs）在各种疾病的治疗中发挥着重要作用。然而，MSC-EVs产量低、保留率低和靶向性差等问题是当前临床应用的障碍。对MSC-EVs进行工程改造可以弥补这些缺点，从而提高治疗效率。本文综述从提高MSC-EV保留率、产量、靶向性以及MSC-EV可视化研究等方面总结了MSC-EV直接和间接工程改造的最新研究进展，并提出了一些可行的MSC-EV工程改造方法。
