Roberts S B, Savage J, Coward W A, Chew B, Lucas A
Dunn Nutrition Unit, Cambridge, England.
N Engl J Med. 1988 Feb 25;318(8):461-6. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198802253180801.
We investigated the contributions of low energy expenditure and high energy intake to excessive weight gain in infants born to overweight mothers. The subjects were infants of 6 lean and 12 overweight mothers, recruited soon after birth. Total energy expenditure and metabolizable energy intake were measured with a new doubly labeled water method over a period of seven days when the infants were 3 months of age, and the postprandial metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry when the infants were 0.1 and 3 months of age. The results were related to weight gain in the first year of life. No significant difference was observed between infants who became overweight by the age of one year (50 percent of infants born to overweight mothers) and those who did not, with respect to weight, length, skinfold thicknesses, metabolic rate at 0.1 and 3 months of age, and metabolizable energy intake at 3 months. However, total energy expenditure at three months of age was 20.7 percent lower in the infants who became overweight than in the other infants (means +/- SE, 256 +/- 27 and 323 +/- 12 kJ per kilogram of body weight per day; P less than 0.05). This difference could account for the mean difference in weight gain. These data suggest that reduced energy expenditure, particularly on physical activity, was an important factor in the rapid weight gain during the first year of life in infants born to overweight mothers.
我们研究了低能量消耗和高能量摄入对超重母亲所生婴儿体重过度增加的影响。研究对象为6名体型偏瘦和12名超重母亲的婴儿，在出生后不久招募。当婴儿3个月大时，采用一种新的双标记水法测量其总能量消耗和可代谢能量摄入，当婴儿0.1个月和3个月大时，通过间接量热法测量餐后代谢率。研究结果与婴儿出生后第一年的体重增加情况相关。在1岁时超重的婴儿（超重母亲所生婴儿中的50%）和未超重的婴儿之间，在体重、身长、皮褶厚度、0.1个月和3个月大时的代谢率以及3个月大时的可代谢能量摄入方面，未观察到显著差异。然而，超重婴儿在3个月大时的总能量消耗比其他婴儿低20.7%（平均值±标准误，分别为每天每千克体重256±27和323±12千焦；P<0.05）。这一差异可以解释体重增加的平均差异。这些数据表明，能量消耗减少，尤其是体力活动方面的能量消耗减少，是超重母亲所生婴儿出生后第一年体重快速增加的一个重要因素。
