Department of Physics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, H-8, Pakistan.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, H-8, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 May;28(17):21204-21211. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-12205-w. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
Fossil fuels account for more than 80% of the world's energy consumption. Constituents of the atmosphere have changed perceptibly due to the increased use of fossil fuels. Therefore, many researchers have tried to relate their effect on society. In Pakistan, fossil fuel consumption and its CO-based emission factor have been significantly correlated to economic growth. However, it needs further attention to study the adverse effects of fossil fuels. This study is an attempt to assess the cost of fossil fuels to society. Damages caused by fossil fuels are evaluated for the years of 2005-2009, using local pollution factors based on CO emission. Results show that the market price of fossil fuels increases after adding up the cost of damage caused by the final use of the fuel. People pay a huge amount of PKR 133 billion per year for taxes, health services, insurance premiums, and low living standards. Accordingly, it is suggested that we must shift from fossil fuels to other alternative clean types of energy.
化石燃料占世界能源消耗的 80%以上。由于化石燃料的大量使用，大气成分已经发生了明显的变化。因此，许多研究人员试图将其与社会影响联系起来。在巴基斯坦，化石燃料消耗及其基于 CO 的排放因子与经济增长呈显著相关。然而，需要进一步关注研究化石燃料的不利影响。本研究旨在评估化石燃料给社会带来的成本。使用基于 CO 排放的本地污染因素，评估了 2005-2009 年期间化石燃料造成的损害。结果表明，在加总燃料最终使用造成的损害成本后，化石燃料的市场价格会上涨。人们每年要为税收、医疗服务、保险费和较低的生活水平支付高达 1330 亿巴基斯坦卢比。因此，我们必须从化石燃料转向其他替代清洁能源。
