Geber C, Kappis B, Bäsch T, Casser H R
DRK-Schmerz-Zentrum, Auf der Steig 14-16, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland.
Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland.
Schmerz. 2021 Feb;35(1):5-13. doi: 10.1007/s00482-020-00521-6. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
Based on health insurance data, approximately 37.4 million patients (46%) in Germany are diagnosed with "pain". The prevalence of patients with debilitating chronic pain is around 7.3%. From the health care perspective, and given the high socioeconomic relevance of chronic pain, effective preventive measures represent useful therapeutic approaches. In the context of pain medicine, primary prevention aims to avoid acute pain. Secondary prevention is targeted at preventing acute pain from turning into chronic pain. Tertiary prevention comprises measures to diminish pain-associated disability and impairment to everyday life. Finally, quaternary prevention focuses on avoiding medically non-indicated or unhelpful medical interventions. In addition to general approaches of pain prevention, such as detecting and treating of chronification factors (yellow, black and blue flags), the present article also describes educational and disease-specific approaches in musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain syndromes as well as headaches.
根据健康保险数据，德国约有3740万患者（46%）被诊断患有“疼痛”。患有使人衰弱的慢性疼痛的患者患病率约为7.3%。从医疗保健的角度来看，鉴于慢性疼痛具有高度的社会经济相关性，有效的预防措施是有用的治疗方法。在疼痛医学领域，一级预防旨在避免急性疼痛。二级预防旨在防止急性疼痛转变为慢性疼痛。三级预防包括减轻与疼痛相关的残疾和对日常生活的损害的措施。最后，四级预防侧重于避免医学上不必要或无益的医疗干预。除了疼痛预防的一般方法，如检测和治疗慢性化因素（黄色、黑色和蓝色警示标志）外，本文还描述了肌肉骨骼和神经性疼痛综合征以及头痛方面的教育和疾病特异性方法。
