Thorat Nanasaheb D, Townely Helen, Brennan Grace, Parchur Abdul K, Silien Christophe, Bauer Joanna, Tofail Syed A M
Modelling Simulation and Innovative Characterisation (MOSAIC), Department of Physics and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2019 Jun 10;5(6):2669-2687. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01173. Epub 2019 May 24.
Progress in nanomedicine has enabled the development of smart hybrid nanostructures (HNSs) for brain cancer theranostics, a novel platform that can diagnose the brain while concurrently beginning primary treatment, initiating secondary treatments where necessary, and monitoring the therapy response. These HNSs can release guest molecules/cargoes directly to brain tumors in response to external physical stimuli. Such physical stimulation is generally referred to as remote stimuli which can be externally applied examples include alternating magnetic field, visible or near-infrared light, ultrasound radiation, X-ray, and radiofrequency. The release of therapeutic cargoes in response to physical stimuli can be performed along with photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, phototriggered chemotherapeutics, sonodynamic therapy, electrothermal therapy, and magnetothermal therapy. Herein, we review different HNSs currently used as remotely triggered modalities in brain cancer, such as organic-inorganic HNSs, polymer micelles, and liposomes HNSs. We also summarize underlying mechanisms of remote triggering brain cancer therapeutics including single- and two-photon triggering, thermoresponsive HNSs, photoresponsive HNSs, magnetoresponsive HNSs, and electrically and ultrasound-stimulated HNSs. In addition to a brief synopsis of ongoing research progress on "smart" HNSs-based platforms of novel brain cancer therapeutics, the review offers an up-to-date development in this field for neuro-oncologists, material/nanoscientists, and radiologists so that a rapid clinical impact can be achieved through a convergence of multidisciplinary expertise.
纳米医学的进展推动了用于脑癌诊疗的智能混合纳米结构（HNSs）的发展，这是一种新型平台，能够在诊断脑部的同时开始进行初步治疗，在必要时启动二次治疗，并监测治疗反应。这些HNSs可响应外部物理刺激将客体分子/载药直接释放到脑肿瘤中。这种物理刺激通常被称为远程刺激，外部施加的例子包括交变磁场、可见光或近红外光、超声辐射、X射线和射频。响应物理刺激释放治疗性载药可与光动力疗法、光热疗法、光触发化疗、声动力疗法、电热疗法和磁热疗法同时进行。在此，我们综述了目前在脑癌中用作远程触发方式的不同HNSs，如有机-无机HNSs、聚合物胶束和脂质体HNSs。我们还总结了远程触发脑癌治疗的潜在机制，包括单光子和双光子触发、热响应性HNSs、光响应性HNSs、磁响应性HNSs以及电刺激和超声刺激的HNSs。除了简要概述基于“智能”HNSs的新型脑癌治疗平台的研究进展外，本综述还为神经肿瘤学家、材料/纳米科学家和放射科医生提供了该领域的最新进展，以便通过多学科专业知识的融合迅速实现临床影响。
