Perestrelo Rosa, Petkovic Marijana, Silva Catarina Luís
CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Unidade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
Metabolites. 2021 Jan 4;11(1):32. doi: 10.3390/metabo11010032.
Altered lipid metabolism has been associated with the progression of various cancers, and aberrant expression of enzymes involved in the lipid metabolism has been detected in different stages of cancer. Breast cancer (BC) is one of the cancer types known to be associated with alterations in the lipid metabolism and overexpression of enzymes involved in this metabolism. It has been demonstrated that inhibition of the activity of certain enzymes, such as that of phospholipase A in BC cell lines sensitizes these cells and decreases the IC values for forthcoming therapy with traditional drugs, such as doxorubicin and tamoxifen. Moreover, other phospholipases, such as phospholipase C and D, are involved in intracellular signal transduction, which emphasizes their importance in cancer development. Finally, BC is assumed to be dependent on the diet and the composition of lipids in nutrients. Despite their importance, analytical approaches that can associate the activity of phospholipases with changes in the lipid composition and distribution in cancer tissues are not yet standardized. In this review, an overview of various analytical platforms that are applied on the study of lipids and phospholipase activity in BC tissues will be given, as well as their association with cancer diagnosis and tumor progression. The methods that are applied to tissues obtained from the BC patients will be emphasized and critically evaluated, regarding their applicability in oncology.
脂质代谢改变与多种癌症的进展相关，并且在癌症的不同阶段均检测到参与脂质代谢的酶的异常表达。乳腺癌（BC）是已知与脂质代谢改变及参与该代谢的酶的过表达相关的癌症类型之一。已经证明，抑制某些酶的活性，如BC细胞系中磷脂酶A的活性，可使这些细胞敏感，并降低后续使用传统药物（如阿霉素和他莫昔芬）治疗的IC值。此外，其他磷脂酶，如磷脂酶C和D，参与细胞内信号转导，这突出了它们在癌症发展中的重要性。最后，BC被认为依赖于饮食和营养物质中脂质的组成。尽管它们很重要，但能够将磷脂酶活性与癌症组织中脂质组成和分布变化相关联的分析方法尚未标准化。在本综述中，将概述应用于研究BC组织中脂质和磷脂酶活性的各种分析平台，以及它们与癌症诊断和肿瘤进展的关联。将重点介绍应用于从BC患者获得的组织的方法，并对其在肿瘤学中的适用性进行批判性评估。
