Pieters Vera M, Co Ileana L, Wu Nila C, McGuigan Alison P
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2021 Mar;27(3):183-199. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEC.2020.0300. Epub 2021 Feb 22.
Omics technologies, such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, multiomics, and integrated modalities, have greatly contributed to our understanding of various diseases by enabling researchers to probe the molecular wiring of cellular systems in a high-throughput and precise manner. With the development of tissue-engineered three-dimensional (3D) disease models, such as organoids and spheroids, there is potential of integrating omics technologies with 3D disease models to elucidate the complex links between genotype and phenotype. These 3D disease models have been used to model cancer, infectious disease, toxicity, neurological disorders, and others. In this review, we provide an overview of omics technologies, highlight current and emerging studies, discuss the associated experimental design considerations, barriers and challenges of omics technologies, and provide an outlook on the future applications of omics technologies with 3D models. Overall, this review aims to provide a valuable resource for tissue engineers seeking to leverage omics technologies for diving deeper into biological discovery. Impact statement With the emergence of three-dimensional (3D) disease models, tissue engineers are increasingly interested to investigate these systems to address biological questions related to disease mechanism, drug target discovery, therapy resistance, and more. Omics technologies are a powerful and high-throughput approach, but their application for 3D disease models is not maximally utilized. This review illustrates the achievements and potential of using omics technologies to leverage the full potential of 3D disease models. This will improve the quality of such models, advance our understanding of disease, and contribute to therapy development.
组学技术，如基因组学、表观基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、脂质组学、多组学以及整合模式，通过使研究人员能够以高通量和精确的方式探究细胞系统的分子线路，极大地促进了我们对各种疾病的理解。随着组织工程三维（3D）疾病模型（如类器官和球体）的发展，将组学技术与3D疾病模型整合以阐明基因型和表型之间复杂联系具有潜力。这些3D疾病模型已被用于模拟癌症、传染病、毒性、神经疾病等。在本综述中，我们概述了组学技术，突出当前和新兴研究，讨论相关的实验设计考虑因素、组学技术的障碍和挑战，并展望组学技术与3D模型的未来应用。总体而言，本综述旨在为寻求利用组学技术深入进行生物学发现的组织工程师提供有价值的资源。影响声明随着三维（3D）疾病模型的出现，组织工程师越来越有兴趣研究这些系统，以解决与疾病机制、药物靶点发现、治疗抗性等相关的生物学问题。组学技术是一种强大的高通量方法，但其在3D疾病模型中的应用尚未得到充分利用。本综述阐述了使用组学技术发挥3D疾病模型全部潜力的成就和潜力。这将提高此类模型的质量，推进我们对疾病的理解，并有助于治疗方法的开发。
