Brief Funct Genomics. 2023 Apr 13;22(2):76-96. doi: 10.1093/bfgp/elac017.
Medical research has been revolutionized after the publication of the full human genome. This was the major landmark that paved the way for understanding the biological functions of different macro and micro molecules. With the advent of different high-throughput technologies, biomedical research was further revolutionized. These technologies constitute genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc. Collectively, these high-throughputs are referred to as multi-omics technologies. In the biomedical field, these omics technologies act as efficient and effective tools for disease diagnosis, management, monitoring, treatment and discovery of certain novel disease biomarkers. Genotyping arrays and other transcriptomic studies have helped us to elucidate the gene expression patterns in different biological states, i.e. healthy and diseased states. Further omics technologies such as proteomics and metabolomics have an important role in predicting the role of different biological molecules in an organism. It is because of these high throughput omics technologies that we have been able to fully understand the role of different genes, proteins, metabolites and biological pathways in a diseased condition. To understand a complex biological process, it is important to apply an integrative approach that analyses the multi-omics data in order to highlight the possible interrelationships of the involved biomolecules and their functions. Furthermore, these omics technologies offer an important opportunity to understand the information that underlies disease. In the current review, we will discuss the importance of omics technologies as promising tools to understand the role of different biomolecules in diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes.
医学研究在人类全基因组图谱发表后发生了革命性变化。这是一个重要的里程碑，为理解不同宏观和微观分子的生物学功能铺平了道路。随着不同高通量技术的出现，生物医学研究进一步发生了变革。这些技术包括基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等。这些高通量技术统称为多组学技术。在生物医学领域，这些组学技术是疾病诊断、管理、监测、治疗和发现某些新型疾病生物标志物的有效工具。基因分型阵列和其他转录组学研究帮助我们阐明了不同生物状态（即健康和患病状态）下的基因表达模式。进一步的组学技术，如蛋白质组学和代谢组学，在预测不同生物分子在生物体中的作用方面发挥着重要作用。正是由于这些高通量组学技术，我们才能够全面了解不同基因、蛋白质、代谢物和生物途径在疾病状态下的作用。为了理解复杂的生物学过程，应用整合方法分析多组学数据以突出涉及的生物分子及其功能的可能相互关系非常重要。此外，这些组学技术为了解疾病背后的信息提供了重要机会。在本次综述中，我们将讨论组学技术作为理解癌症、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病和糖尿病等疾病中不同生物分子作用的有前途工具的重要性。
