Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
BMC Pediatr. 2021 Jan 6;21(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-02473-3.
The prevalence of obesity and associated risk of chronic diseases are increasing among the paediatric population. The effectiveness of preventive measures and interventions are likely to improve when all factors which associate with obesity in a specific target group are considered. Currently such comprehensive data is unavailable for Sri Lankan children aged 8-9 years.
This paper pertains to the data collected from August-2015 to November-2016 for a case-control study which included cases (high body fat) (N = 160; males-81) and controls (normal body fat) (N = 164; males-80) recruited from primary schools in the Colombo Municipal area. Anthropometry and body composition (Bioelectrical impedance analysis-BIA) were measured. Diet, physical activity and socio-demographic data were collected using validated interviewer administered questionnaires. Serum concentrations of vitamins A, D [25(OH)D], E, folate (serum and red blood cell-RBC), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), ferritin, leptin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed using fasting blood samples.
Cases were from higher socio-economic strata and spent significantly less time on physical activities, more time on sedentary behaviours and consumed higher energy compared to the controls. Cases from both genders had significantly lower levels of vitamin D [25 (OH)D], Fe and Mg (all p < 0.05) and higher levels of Cu and Ca (all p < 0.01) compared to controls. Higher levels of ferritin and Cr were seen among male (p < 0.001) and female (p > 0.05) cases compared to the controls. However, total serum folate levels were lower in male (p < 0.01) and female (p > 0.05) cases while the RBC folate levels were higher among male (p < 0.01) and female (p > 0.05) cases compared with controls. Vitamins A, E, Se, Mn and Co (p > 0.05) were not significantly different between groups. The inflammatory markers, both hs-CRP and leptin levels were higher among cases (p < 0.001) compared to the controls.
This study highlights higher socio-economic status, lower physical activity, more sedentary behaviours, higher energy intake and inconsistent distribution of micronutrients among the children with high body fat when compared with the control group. Increased levels of inflammatory markers indicate the presence of the risk of chronic inflammation in children with high body fat.
肥胖及其相关慢性病的患病率在儿科人群中不断增加。当考虑到特定目标人群中与肥胖相关的所有因素时，预防措施和干预措施的效果可能会提高。目前，斯里兰卡 8-9 岁儿童缺乏此类全面数据。
本研究的数据来源于 2015 年 8 月至 2016 年 11 月进行的一项病例对照研究，该研究纳入了来自科伦坡市小学的病例（高体脂）（N=160；男性 81）和对照组（正常体脂）（N=164；男性 80）。测量了人体测量学和身体成分（生物电阻抗分析-BIA）。使用经过验证的访谈者管理问卷收集了饮食、身体活动和社会人口统计学数据。使用空腹血样评估了血清维生素 A、D[25（OH）D]、E、叶酸（血清和红细胞-RBC）、锌（Zn）、硒（Se）、铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、镁（Mg）、钙（Ca）、铬（Cr）、锰（Mn）、钴（Co）、铁蛋白、瘦素和高敏 C 反应蛋白（hs-CRP）的浓度。
病例组来自较高的社会经济阶层，与对照组相比，他们的体力活动时间明显减少，久坐行为时间明显增加，能量摄入也明显增加。与对照组相比，男性和女性病例的维生素 D[25（OH）D]、Fe 和 Mg 水平均显著降低（均 p<0.05），Cu 和 Ca 水平均显著升高（均 p<0.01）。与对照组相比，男性（p<0.001）和女性（p>0.05）病例的铁蛋白和 Cr 水平更高。然而，男性（p<0.01）和女性（p>0.05）病例的总血清叶酸水平较低，而男性（p<0.01）和女性（p>0.05）病例的红细胞叶酸水平较高。维生素 A、E、Se、Mn 和 Co（p>0.05）在组间无显著差异。与对照组相比，hs-CRP 和瘦素水平较高（p<0.001）。
本研究强调，与对照组相比，高体脂儿童具有更高的社会经济地位、更低的体力活动、更多的久坐行为、更高的能量摄入和微量营养素分布不均。炎症标志物 hs-CRP 和瘦素水平的升高表明高体脂儿童存在慢性炎症的风险。
