Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
BioMatter Unit-Biomass Transformation Lab (BTL), École interfacultaire de Bioingénieurs (EIB), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Feb 14;16(4):548. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16040548.
Chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main health concerns in the 21st century, with CVD as the number one cause of mortality worldwide. Although CVD hard endpoints such as stroke or heart attack do not usually occur in children, evidence shows that the manifestation of CVD risk factors begins in childhood, preceding clinical complications of CVD in adulthood. Dietary intake is a modifiable risk factor that has been shown to make a substantial contribution to the risk of CVD in adulthood. However, less is known about the association between dietary intake and markers of cardiovascular health in children. This review summarises the current evidence on the relationship between dietary intake and markers of cardiovascular health including traditional CVD risk factors, physical fitness, and indices of arterial stiffness and wave reflection in children. Original research published in English, between January 2008 and December 2018 fulfilling the objective of this review were screened and included. Findings show that adaptation of a healthy lifestyle early in life can be beneficial for reducing the risk of CVD later in life. Furthermore, keeping arterial stiffness low from a young age could be a potential CVD prevention strategy. However, limited studies are available on diet-arterial stiffness relationship in children, and future research is required to better understand this association to aid the development and implementation of evidence-based strategies for preventing CVD-related complications later in life.
慢性病，如癌症、糖尿病和心血管疾病（CVD），是 21 世纪主要的健康关注点，而 CVD 是全球范围内首要的死亡原因。尽管 CVD 的严重终点，如中风或心脏病发作，通常不会发生在儿童身上，但有证据表明，CVD 风险因素的表现始于儿童期，早于成年期 CVD 临床并发症的发生。饮食摄入是一种可改变的风险因素，它被证明对成年人 CVD 的风险有很大的贡献。然而，关于饮食摄入与儿童心血管健康标志物之间的关系，我们知之甚少。这篇综述总结了目前关于饮食摄入与心血管健康标志物之间关系的证据，包括传统的 CVD 风险因素、身体适应性、动脉僵硬度和反射波指数。筛选并纳入了 2008 年 1 月至 2018 年 12 月期间以英文发表的、符合本综述目的的原始研究。研究结果表明，在生命早期适应健康的生活方式可以降低晚年患 CVD 的风险。此外，从年轻时起保持较低的动脉僵硬度可能是一种潜在的 CVD 预防策略。然而，关于儿童饮食与动脉僵硬度关系的研究有限，需要进一步的研究来更好地了解这种关联，以帮助制定和实施预防晚年与 CVD 相关并发症的循证策略。
