Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
BMC Oral Health. 2021 Jan 6;21(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01357-3.
Psychological distress may affect health behaviour. We examined how psychological distress, social phobia (SP) and anxiety associated with tooth brushing among Finnish adolescents with respect to gender, school grade, parents' education, family structure, smoking and perceived general health.
This study is part of the Finnish national School Health Promotion Study (SHP). The study population comprised a representative sample of Finnish 15-year-olds (N = 45,877). Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) served to assess SP and anxiety. A questionnaire enquired about the respondents' oral health habits (tooth brushing, smoking), background factors (age, gender, family structure and parents' education) and perceived general health. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression analyses served in the statistical analyses.
About two-thirds of the girls (66.7%) and less than half of the boys (40.1%) followed the international recommendation of tooth brushing twice daily. Girls reported possible problems with SP and GAD more often than boys did. Those reporting possible problems with SP or moderate or severe anxiety brushed their teeth at least twice daily less often than did those reporting no possible problems with SP and those with no, slight or mild anxiety. Logistic regression analyses showed that male gender (OR = 3.2; 95% CI 3.1-3.4), parents' basic education (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.4-1.5), and adolescents' perception of their current state of health as moderate, fairly or very poor (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.5-2.0) associated with not brushing teeth twice daily. Gender-specific logistic regression analyses showed that boys who smoked (OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.6-1.8) were less likely than non-smokers to brush their teeth twice daily.
Adolescents with psychological distress, such as possible SP or possible general anxiety, had less favourable oral health behaviour. Psychological distress indicates a greater risk for oral health problems already in adolescence.
心理困扰可能会影响健康行为。我们研究了在芬兰青少年中，心理困扰、社交恐惧症（SP）和焦虑与刷牙行为之间的关系，同时考虑了性别、学校年级、父母教育程度、家庭结构、吸烟和总体健康感知等因素。
本研究是芬兰国家学校健康促进研究（SHP）的一部分。研究人群包括具有代表性的芬兰 15 岁青少年样本（N=45877）。使用迷你社交恐惧症量表（Mini-SPIN）和广泛性焦虑症（GAD）评估 SP 和焦虑。调查问卷询问了受访者的口腔健康习惯（刷牙、吸烟）、背景因素（年龄、性别、家庭结构和父母教育程度）和总体健康感知。采用卡方检验和逻辑回归分析进行统计分析。
约三分之二的女孩（66.7%）和不到一半的男孩（40.1%）遵循国际建议，每天刷牙两次。报告可能存在 SP 或 GAD 问题的女孩比男孩更频繁。与报告无 SP 问题且无、轻度或中度焦虑的人相比，报告可能存在 SP 问题或中重度焦虑的人每天至少刷牙两次的可能性较小。逻辑回归分析表明，男性（OR=3.2；95%CI 3.1-3.4）、父母基本教育（OR=1.5；95%CI 1.4-1.5）以及青少年对自身健康状况的感知为中等、相当或非常差（OR=1.8；95%CI 1.5-2.0）与每天不刷牙两次相关。性别特异性逻辑回归分析表明，与不吸烟者相比，吸烟的男孩（OR=1.7；95%CI 1.6-1.8）每天刷牙两次的可能性较小。
存在心理困扰（如可能的 SP 或可能的一般焦虑）的青少年口腔健康行为较差。心理困扰表明，在青少年时期就存在更大的口腔健康问题风险。
