Naldi Andrea, Vallelonga Fabrizio, Di Liberto Alessandra, Cavallo Roberto, Agnesone Monica, Gonella Marco, Sauta Maria Domenica, Lochner Piergiorgio, Tondo Giacomo, Bragazzi Nicola Luigi, Botto Rossana, Leombruni Paolo
Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Italy; and Neurology Unit, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Italy.
Department of Emergency Medicine, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Italy.
BJPsych Open. 2021 Jan 7;7(1):e27. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2020.161.
The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic changes in healthcare and severe social restrictions. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are on the front line against the virus and have been highly exposed to pandemic-related stressors, but there are limited data on their psychological involvement for a large sample in Italy.
To investigate the prevalence of anxiety, distress and burnout in HCWs of North-West Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to detect potential psychosocial factors associated with their emotional response.
This cross-sectional, survey-based study enrolled 797 HCWs. Participants completed the Impact of Event Scale - Revised, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Form Y and the Maslach Burnout Inventory; demographic, family and work characteristics were also collected. Global psychological outcome, differences among professions and independent factors associated with worst psychological outcome were assessed.
Almost a third of the sample had severe state anxiety and distress, high emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, and low personal accomplishment. Distress was higher in women and nurses, whereas depersonalisation was higher in men. Family division, increased workload, job changes and frequent contact with COVID-19 were associated with worst psychological outcome. Trait anxiety was associated with significantly higher risk for developing state anxiety, distress and burnout.
An elevated psychological burden related to the COVID-19 pandemic was observed in HCWs of North-West Italy. The identification of family and work characteristics and a psychological pre-existing condition as factors associated with worst psychological outcome may help provide a tailored, preventive, organisational and psychological approach in counteracting the psychological effects of future pandemics.
新冠疫情导致医疗保健领域发生了巨大变化，并实施了严格的社会限制措施。医护人员身处抗击病毒的前线，高度暴露于与疫情相关的压力源之下，但在意大利，针对大量样本的医护人员心理状况的数据有限。
调查意大利西北部医护人员在新冠疫情期间焦虑、痛苦和职业倦怠的患病率，并检测与其情绪反应相关的潜在社会心理因素。
这项基于调查的横断面研究纳入了797名医护人员。参与者完成了修订版事件影响量表、状态-特质焦虑量表-Y型和马氏职业倦怠量表；还收集了人口统计学、家庭和工作特征信息。评估了总体心理结果、不同职业之间的差异以及与最差心理结果相关的独立因素。
近三分之一的样本存在严重的状态焦虑和痛苦、高度的情绪耗竭和去个性化，以及低个人成就感。女性和护士的痛苦程度更高，而男性的去个性化程度更高。家庭分工、工作量增加、工作变动以及与新冠患者的频繁接触与最差的心理结果相关。特质焦虑与发生状态焦虑、痛苦和职业倦怠的风险显著更高有关。
在意大利西北部的医护人员中观察到与新冠疫情相关的心理负担加重。确定家庭和工作特征以及预先存在的心理状况是与最差心理结果相关的因素，这可能有助于提供一种量身定制的、预防性的、组织性和心理性的方法，以应对未来疫情的心理影响。
