School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China.
Microb Ecol. 2021 Aug;82(2):319-333. doi: 10.1007/s00248-020-01645-z. Epub 2021 Jan 7.
To understand the environmental reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae and their public health significance, we surveyed freshwater samples from rivers in two cities (Jiaxing [JX] and Jiande [JD]) in Zhejiang, China. A total of 26 sampling locations were selected, and river water was sampled 456 times from 2015 to 2016 yielding 200 V. cholerae isolates, all of which were non-O1/non-O139. The average isolation rate was 47.3% and 39.1% in JX and JD, respectively. Antibiotic resistance profiles of the V. cholerae isolates were examined with nonsusceptibility to cefazolin (68.70%, 79/115) being most common, followed by ampicillin (47.83%, 55/115) and imipenem (27.83%, 32/115). Forty-two isolates (36.52%, 42/115) were defined as multidrug resistant (MDR). The presence of virulence genes was also determined, and the majority of the isolates were positive for toxR (198/200, 99%) and hlyA (196/200, 98%) with few other virulence genes observed. The population structure of the V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 sampled was examined using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) with 200 isolates assigned to 128 STs and 6 subpopulations. The non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae population in JX was more varied than in JD. By clonal complexes (CCs), 31 CCs that contained isolates from this study were shared with other parts of China and/or other countries, suggesting widespread presence of some non-O1/non-O139 clones. Drug resistance profiles differed between subpopulations. The findings suggest that non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae in the freshwater environment is a potential source of human infections. Routine surveillance of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae in freshwater rivers will be of importance to public health.
为了了解霍乱弧菌的环境储库及其公共卫生意义，我们调查了中国浙江两个城市（嘉兴[JX]和建德[JD]）的河流中的淡水样本。共选择了 26 个采样地点，从 2015 年到 2016 年，共采集了 456 次河水，得到了 200 株霍乱弧菌分离株，均为非 O1/非 O139 型。JX 和 JD 的平均分离率分别为 47.3%和 39.1%。用头孢唑林（68.70%，79/115）的非敏感性作为最常见的抗生素耐药性谱检查霍乱弧菌分离株，其次是氨苄西林（47.83%，55/115）和亚胺培南（27.83%，32/115）。42 株（36.52%，42/115）被定义为多药耐药（MDR）。还确定了毒力基因的存在，大多数分离株对 toxR（198/200，99%）和 hlyA（196/200，98%）呈阳性，很少观察到其他毒力基因。使用多位点序列分型（MLST）检查了非 O1/非 O139 采集的霍乱弧菌的种群结构，200 株分离株被分配到 128 个 ST 和 6 个亚群中。JX 的非 O1/非 O139 霍乱弧菌种群比 JD 更加多样化。通过克隆复合体（CC），包含本研究中分离株的 31 个 CC 与中国其他地区和/或其他国家共享，表明一些非 O1/非 O139 克隆的广泛存在。药物耐药谱在亚群之间有所不同。研究结果表明，淡水中的非 O1/非 O139 霍乱弧菌是人类感染的潜在来源。对淡水河流中非 O1/非 O139 霍乱弧菌的常规监测对公共卫生具有重要意义。
