Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avda. Andalucía s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
Parasit Vectors. 2021 Jan 9;14(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04544-x.
Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum is a first-order pathology in canine veterinary clinics in endemic areas. Moreover, canine infections are considered the main reservoir for human disease; despite their importance in the control of the disease within a One Health approach, no scientometric study has been published. Aims of the study included analyzing the impact of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) on the scientific literature, drugs or combinations used, trends in the period from 2000 to 2020 and efficacy criteria employed.
A Web of Science (WOS)-based analysis of publications on CanL and chemotherapy of the disease in the period 2000-2020 was carried out using a stepwise methodology. Data were analyzed by year, geographical origin, chemical groups, drugs and combinations, and efficacy criteria.
Reports on CanL (n = 3324) represented < 16% of all publications on leishmaniasis (n = 20,968), and of these around 18% (n = 596) were related to chemotherapy. Publication records on CanL followed the distribution of the infection by L. infantum in endemic areas although Mediterranean countries were overrepresented in the reports on chemotherapy of CanL. Publications on the main antileishmanial drugs used in clinical practice showed a sustained tendency in the period analyzed. Pentavalent antimonials (Sb), alone or in combination with allopurinol, represented > 50% of all publications on chemotherapy of CanL despite the availability of more recently marketed drugs.
Chemotherapy of CanL still relies on Sb and combinations and to a lesser extent on miltefosine (MIL). Reports on chemotherapy are scarce and mostly publicly funded, and the variability of experimental conditions hampers the direct comparison of the efficacy of drugs, combinations and schedules. The vast majority of reports on efficacy do not include any information on supportive therapy; this reduces the actual value of the studies if intended for the practical management of the disease. Complete reports on the chemotherapy (etiological + symptomatic) would add value to the trials performed.
利什曼原虫引起的动物源内脏利什曼病是流行地区犬科兽医诊所的一级疾病。此外，犬类感染被认为是人类疾病的主要传染源；尽管它们在大健康方法控制疾病方面很重要，但尚未发表过科学计量学研究。本研究的目的包括分析犬利什曼病（CanL）对科学文献的影响、使用的药物或组合、2000 年至 2020 年期间的趋势以及采用的疗效标准。
采用逐步方法，对 2000-2020 年期间 CanL 和疾病化疗的科学文献进行了基于 Web of Science（WOS）的分析。按年份、地理来源、化学组、药物和组合以及疗效标准对数据进行了分析。
有关 CanL 的报告（n=3324）占所有利什曼病出版物（n=20968）的<16%，其中约 18%（n=596）与化疗有关。CanL 出版物记录遵循感染分布利什曼原虫在流行地区，尽管地中海国家在 CanL 化疗报告中所占比例过高。在分析期间，用于临床实践的主要抗利什曼药物的出版物显示出持续的趋势。五价锑（Sb），单独或与别嘌呤醇联合使用，占所有 CanL 化疗出版物的>50%，尽管市场上有更新的药物。
犬源内脏利什曼病的化疗仍依赖 Sb 和组合，其次是米替福新（MIL）。有关化疗的报告很少，而且大多由公共资金资助，实验条件的可变性阻碍了药物、组合和方案疗效的直接比较。绝大多数关于疗效的报告都没有包括任何支持性治疗信息；如果旨在实际管理疾病，这会降低研究的实际价值。对（病因+症状）化疗的完整报告将增加已进行试验的价值。
