Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France.
Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France.
Environ Int. 2021 Feb;147:106340. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106340. Epub 2021 Jan 12.
As part of the French Human Biomonitoring (HBM) programme, the Esteban study described, among other things, biomarkers levels of various chemicals in adults (18-74 years old) and children (6-17 years old). This paper describes the design of the study and provides, for the first time, data on the biological exposure of the general French population to a wide range of contaminants posing a threat to human health which are currently found in domestic environments.
Esteban is a cross-sectional study conducted on a nationwide sample of the French general population. Exposure biomarkers of six families of contaminants deemed detrimental to adults' and children's health were measured in biological samples collected either at participants' homes by a nurse, or brought to a National Health Insurance examination centre. All participants were randomly selected (2503 adults and 1104 children). The geometric mean and percentiles of the distribution of levels were estimated for each biomarker. Most of the descriptive statistical analyses were performed taking into account the sampling design.
Results provided a nationwide description of biomarker levels. Bisphenols (A, S and F), and some metabolites of phthalates and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) (specifically, PFOS and PFOA) were quantified in almost all the biological samples analysed. Higher levels were observed in children (except for PFCs). Levels were coherent with international studies, except for bisphenols S and F, brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and parabens (with higher levels reported in the USA than in France).
This study is the first to provide a representative assessment of biological exposure to domestic contaminants at the French population level. Our results show that the French general population was exposed to a wide variety of pollutants in 2014-2016, and identify the determinants of exposure. These findings will be useful to stakeholders who wish to advocate an overall reduction in the French population's exposure to harmful substances. Similar future studies in France will help to measure temporal trends, and enable public policies focused on the reduction of those chemicals in the environment to be evaluated.
作为法国人体生物监测（HBM）计划的一部分，除其他事项外，埃斯特班研究描述了成人（18-74 岁）和儿童（6-17 岁）的各种化学物质生物标志物水平。本文描述了该研究的设计，并首次提供了有关法国普通人群暴露于当前在家庭环境中发现的对人类健康构成威胁的各种污染物的生物数据。
埃斯特班是一项全国性的法国普通人群的横断面研究。通过护士在参与者家中采集或带到国家健康保险检查中心的生物样本中测量了被认为对成人和儿童健康有害的六种污染物家族的暴露生物标志物。所有参与者均随机选择（2503 名成年人和 1104 名儿童）。估计了每个生物标志物水平的几何均值和分布百分位数。大多数描述性统计分析均考虑了抽样设计。
结果提供了全国范围内的生物标志物水平描述。双酚（A、S 和 F）以及邻苯二甲酸酯和全氟化合物（PFCs）的一些代谢物（特别是 PFOS 和 PFOA）在分析的几乎所有生物样本中都进行了量化。儿童（除 PFCs 外）的水平较高。水平与国际研究一致，除了双酚 S 和 F、溴化阻燃剂（BFRs）和对羟基苯甲酸酯（美国报告的水平高于法国）。
本研究首次提供了对法国人群中家庭污染物生物暴露的代表性评估。我们的结果表明，2014-2016 年，法国普通人群接触了多种污染物，并确定了暴露的决定因素。这些发现将对希望倡导全面减少法国人群接触有害物质的利益相关者有用。法国未来的类似研究将有助于衡量时间趋势，并评估针对减少环境中这些化学物质的公共政策。
