Concordia University, Sir George Williams Campus, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
FSA Ulaval, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
PLoS One. 2021 Jan 11;16(1):e0245066. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245066. eCollection 2021.
Does time management work? We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of time management on performance and well-being. Results show that time management is moderately related to job performance, academic achievement, and wellbeing. Time management also shows a moderate, negative relationship with distress. Interestingly, individual differences and contextual factors have a much weaker association with time management, with the notable exception of conscientiousness. The extremely weak correlation with gender was unexpected: women seem to manage time better than men, but the difference is very slight. Further, we found that the link between time management and job performance seems to increase over the years: time management is more likely to get people a positive performance review at work today than in the early 1990s. The link between time management and gender, too, seems to intensify: women's time management scores have been on the rise for the past few decades. We also note that time management seems to enhance wellbeing-in particular, life satisfaction-to a greater extent than it does performance. This challenges the common perception that time management first and foremost enhances work performance, and that wellbeing is simply a byproduct.
时间管理是否有效？我们进行了一项荟萃分析，以评估时间管理对绩效和幸福感的影响。结果表明，时间管理与工作绩效、学业成绩和幸福感呈中度相关。时间管理与困扰也呈中度负相关。有趣的是，个体差异和情境因素与时间管理的关联较弱，尽责性是一个显著的例外。与性别呈极弱相关出乎意料：女性似乎比男性更擅长管理时间，但差异非常小。此外，我们发现时间管理与工作绩效之间的联系似乎随着时间的推移而增强：与 20 世纪 90 年代相比，今天时间管理更有可能让人们在工作中获得积极的绩效评估。时间管理与性别之间的联系似乎也在加剧：过去几十年，女性的时间管理得分一直在上升。我们还注意到，时间管理似乎比提高绩效更能提高幸福感，特别是生活满意度。这挑战了一种常见的观点，即时间管理首先是提高工作绩效，而幸福感只是一个副产品。
