UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 8;18(2):454. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020454.
Tree nuts and ground nuts are nutrient-rich foods known to improve human health when consumed regularly in the diet. Past observational studies suggest that nuts improve adult and child health; however, limited randomized control trials (RCTs) have assessed the health effects of nuts in children. Using a systematic review approach, we examined the effect of nut intake on health outcomes in children aged 8-18 years. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane library to identify RCTs of interest. A total of 5783 articles were identified, 4821 were screened by title and abstract and 37 by full text resulting in four articles that met the inclusion criteria for the review. Nut consumption was between 15 and 30 g with durations of between 3 and 16 weeks. Nut consumption was shown to improve children's diet quality (increase children's intake of essential nutrients including fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats), protein and fiber), there were inconsistent effects on biomarkers of cardiometabolic health (improve lipid profiles, microvascular reactivity and inflammation) and gastrointestinal health (increase in the proportion of beneficial fecal bacteria). Further studies exploring the broad health benefits of nuts in children are needed with consideration given to higher doses and longer intervention periods.
坚果和花生是营养丰富的食物，经常在饮食中食用有益于人类健康。过去的观察性研究表明，坚果可以改善成年人和儿童的健康；然而，有限的随机对照试验（RCT）评估了坚果对儿童的健康影响。我们采用系统综述方法，研究了儿童（8-18 岁）摄入坚果对健康结果的影响。我们在 PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、EMBASE 和 Cochrane 图书馆中搜索了感兴趣的 RCT。共确定了 5783 篇文章，通过标题和摘要筛选了 4821 篇，通过全文筛选了 37 篇，最终有 4 篇文章符合综述纳入标准。坚果的摄入量为 15-30 克，持续时间为 3-16 周。坚果的摄入可以改善儿童的饮食质量（增加儿童对必需营养素的摄入，包括脂肪（单不饱和脂肪和多不饱和脂肪）、蛋白质和纤维），对心血管代谢健康的生物标志物的影响不一致（改善血脂谱、微血管反应性和炎症）和胃肠道健康（有益粪便细菌的比例增加）。需要进一步研究坚果对儿童的广泛健康益处，并考虑更高的剂量和更长的干预期。
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