Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, 10126 Turin (TO), Italy.
Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 8;22(2):572. doi: 10.3390/ijms22020572.
Traumatic peripheral nerve lesions affect hundreds of thousands of patients every year; their consequences are life-altering and often devastating and cause alterations in movement and sensitivity. Spontaneous peripheral nerve recovery is often inadequate. In this context, nowadays, cell therapy represents one of the most innovative approaches in the field of nerve repair therapies. The purpose of this systematic review is to discuss the features of different types of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) relevant for peripheral nerve regeneration after nerve injury. The published literature was reviewed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A combination of the keywords "nerve regeneration", "stem cells", "peripheral nerve injury", "rat", and "human" were used. Additionally, a "MeSH" research was performed in PubMed using the terms "stem cells" and "nerve regeneration". The characteristics of the most widely used MSCs, their paracrine potential, targeted stimulation, and differentiation potentials into Schwann-like and neuronal-like cells are described in this paper. Considering their ability to support and stimulate axonal growth, their remarkable paracrine activity, their presumed differentiation potential, their extremely low immunogenicity, and their high survival rate after transplantation, ADSCs appear to be the most suitable and promising MSCs for the recovery of peripheral nerve lesion. Clinical considerations are finally reported.
创伤性周围神经损伤每年影响数十万名患者；其后果改变生活，且常具毁灭性，并导致运动和感觉改变。自发性周围神经恢复往往不足。在这种情况下，细胞疗法目前是神经修复治疗领域中最具创新性的方法之一。本系统评价的目的是讨论与神经损伤后周围神经再生相关的不同类型间充质干细胞（MSC）的特征。根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，对已发表的文献进行了回顾。使用了“神经再生”、“干细胞”、“周围神经损伤”、“大鼠”和“人”的关键词组合。此外，还在 PubMed 中使用了“stem cells”和“nerve regeneration”这两个“MeSH”术语进行了研究。本文描述了最广泛使用的 MSC 的特征、其旁分泌潜能、靶向刺激以及向雪旺细胞样和神经元样细胞分化的潜能。鉴于它们支持和刺激轴突生长的能力、显著的旁分泌活性、假定的分化潜能、极低的免疫原性以及移植后的高存活率，ADSCs 似乎是最适合和最有前途的 MSC，可用于恢复周围神经损伤。最后报告了临床考虑因素。
