Kirchgatter Karin, Tubaki Rosa Maria, Malafronte Rosely dos Santos, Alves Isabel Cristina, Lima Giselle Fernandes Maciel de Castro, Guimarães Lilian de Oliveira, Zampaulo Robson de Almeida, Wunderlich Gerhard
Núcleo de Estudos em Malária, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias/Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2014 Sep-Oct;56(5):403-9. doi: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000500006.
Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii has been implicated as the primary vector of human and simian malarias out of the Brazilian Amazon and specifically in the Atlantic Forest regions. The presence of asymptomatic human cases, parasite-positive wild monkeys and the similarity between the parasites infecting them support the discussion whether these infections can be considered as a zoonosis. Although many aspects of the biology of An. cruzii have already been addressed, studies conducted during outbreaks of malaria transmission, aiming at the analysis of blood feeding and infectivity, are missing in the Atlantic Forest. This study was conducted in the location of Palestina, Juquitiba, where annually the majority of autochthonous human cases are notified in the Atlantic Forest of the state of São Paulo. Peridomiciliary sites were selected for collection of mosquitoes in a perimeter of up to 100 m around the residences of human malaria cases. The mosquitoes were analyzed with the purpose of molecular identification of blood-meal sources and to examine the prevalence of Plasmodium. A total of 13,441 females of An. (Ker.) cruzii were collected. The minimum infection rate was calculated at 0.03% and 0.01%, respectively, for P. vivax and P. malariae and only human blood was detected in the blood-fed mosquitoes analyzed. This data reinforce the hypothesis that asymptomatic human carriers are the main source of anopheline infection in the peridomiciliary area, making the probability of zoonotic transmission less likely to happen.
克氏按蚊（Kerteszia亚属）被认为是巴西亚马逊地区以外，特别是大西洋森林地区人类和猴类疟疾的主要传播媒介。无症状人类病例、寄生虫检测呈阳性的野生猴子的存在，以及感染它们的寄生虫之间的相似性，引发了关于这些感染是否可被视为一种人畜共患病的讨论。尽管克氏按蚊生物学的许多方面已经得到研究，但在大西洋森林地区，针对疟疾传播暴发期间进行的旨在分析吸血情况和感染性的研究却付诸阙如。本研究在圣保罗州大西洋森林地区每年报告大多数本地人类病例的茹基蒂巴市巴勒斯坦地区开展。在人类疟疾病例住所周围半径达100米的范围内，选择房屋周围的地点来收集蚊子。对这些蚊子进行分析，目的是从分子层面鉴定血餐来源并检测疟原虫的感染率。总共收集到13441只克氏按蚊（Kerteszia亚属）雌蚊。间日疟原虫和三日疟原虫的最低感染率分别计算为0.03%和0.01%，并且在分析的吸血蚊子中仅检测到人类血液。这些数据强化了以下假说：无症状人类携带者是房屋周围地区按蚊感染的主要来源，使得人畜共患传播的可能性降低。
