Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Molecules. 2021 Jan 7;26(2):273. doi: 10.3390/molecules26020273.
Many studies demonstrated that olive oil (especially extra virgin olive oil: EVOO) phenolic compounds are bioactive molecules with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and neuroprotective activities. These effects have been recently attributed to the ability of these compounds to induce epigenetics modifications such as miRNAs expression, DNA methylation and histone modifications. In this study, we systematically review and discuss, following the PRISMA statements, the epigenetic modifications induced by EVOO and its phenols in different experimental systems. At the end of literature search through "PubMed", "Web of Science" and "Scopus", 43 studies were selected.Among them, 22 studies reported data on miRNAs, 15 on DNA methylation and 13 on histone modification. Most of the "epigenomic" changes observed in response to olive oil phenols' exposure were mechanistically associated with the cancer preventive and anti-inflammatory effects. In many cases, the epigenetics effects regarding the DNA methylation were demonstrated for olive oil but without any indication regarding the presence or not of phenols. Overall, the findings of the present systematic review may have important implications for understanding the epigenetic mechanisms behind the health effects of olive oil. However, generally no direct evidence was provided for the causal relationships between epigenetics modification and EVOO health related effects. Further studies are necessary to demonstrate the real physiological consequences of the epigenetics modification induced by EVOO and its phenolic compounds.
许多研究表明，橄榄油（尤其是特级初榨橄榄油：EVOO）中的酚类化合物是具有抗癌、抗炎、抗衰老和神经保护作用的生物活性分子。这些作用最近归因于这些化合物诱导表观遗传修饰的能力，如 miRNA 表达、DNA 甲基化和组蛋白修饰。在这项研究中，我们按照 PRISMA 声明系统地综述和讨论了 EVOO 及其酚类物质在不同实验系统中诱导的表观遗传修饰。通过“PubMed”、“Web of Science”和“Scopus”进行文献检索后，最终选择了 43 项研究。其中，22 项研究报告了 miRNA 的数据，15 项研究报告了 DNA 甲基化，13 项研究报告了组蛋白修饰。在对橄榄油酚类物质暴露的反应中观察到的大多数“表观基因组”变化与预防癌症和抗炎作用有关。在许多情况下，橄榄油的 DNA 甲基化的表观遗传学效应得到了证明，但没有关于酚类物质是否存在的任何说明。总的来说，本系统综述的研究结果可能对理解橄榄油对健康影响的表观遗传机制具有重要意义。然而，通常没有直接证据表明表观遗传修饰与 EVOO 健康相关效应之间存在因果关系。需要进一步的研究来证明 EVOO 及其酚类化合物诱导的表观遗传修饰的真正生理后果。
