Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, Campus de Excelencia Internacional de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEI UAM + CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
Adv Nutr. 2022 Oct 2;13(5):2039-2060. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmac067.
Dietary components can induce epigenetic changes through DNA methylation, histone modification, and regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs). Studies of diet-induced epigenetic regulation can inform anticipatory trials and fine-tune public health guidelines. We systematically reviewed data on the effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and its phenolic compounds (OOPCs) on the epigenetic landscape. We conducted a literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and scrutinized published evidence. After applying selection criteria (e.g., inclusion of in vitro, animal, or human studies supplemented with EVOO or its OOPCs), we thoroughly reviewed 51 articles, and the quality assessment was performed using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool. The results show that both EVOO and its OOPCs can promote epigenetic changes capable of regulating the expression of genes and molecular targets involved in different metabolic processes. For example, oleuropein (OL) may be an epigenetic regulator in cancer, and hydroxytyrosol (HT) modulates the expression of miRNAs involved in the development of cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. We conclude that EVOO and its OOPCs can regulate gene expression by modifying epigenetic mechanisms that impact human pathophysiology. A full elucidation of the epigenetic effects of EVOO and its OOPCs may contribute to developing different pharma-nutritional strategies that exploit them as epigenetic agents. This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) as CRD42022320316.
膳食成分可通过 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰和 microRNAs（miRNAs）的调控来诱导表观遗传变化。对饮食诱导的表观遗传调控的研究可以为预期试验提供信息，并微调公共卫生指南。我们系统地综述了关于特级初榨橄榄油（EVOO）及其酚类化合物（OOPCs）对表观遗传景观影响的研究数据。我们使用 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库进行了文献检索，并仔细审查了已发表的证据。在应用选择标准（例如，纳入补充有 EVOO 或其 OOPCs 的体外、动物或人体研究）后，我们彻底审查了 51 篇文章，并使用修订后的 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具进行了质量评估。结果表明，EVOO 及其 OOPCs 均可促进表观遗传变化，从而调节参与不同代谢过程的基因和分子靶标表达。例如，橄榄苦苷（OL）可能是癌症中的一种表观遗传调节剂，羟基酪醇（HT）可调节参与癌症、心血管和神经退行性疾病发生的 miRNA 的表达。我们得出结论，EVOO 及其 OOPCs 可以通过修饰影响人类病理生理学的表观遗传机制来调节基因表达。充分阐明 EVOO 及其 OOPCs 的表观遗传效应可能有助于开发不同的 Pharma-Nutritional 策略，将其作为表观遗传剂加以利用。本研究已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册库（PROSPERO）中注册，注册号为 CRD42022320316。
