Study of ambulatory care supervision mechanisms in health systems: A comparative study.

Supervision in health sector means a system, process, or mechanism by which some aspects or characteristics of a health care organization is evaluated and analyzed by an external body. This study compared the mechanisms of supervision in ambulatory care in selected countries to provide lessons learnt from global experiences. In this comparative study USA, UK, Germany, Canada, Turkey, and Iran were selected based on inclusion criteria, including development level and type of the health system. Required data were gathered by searching the internet, browsing the websites of related organizations, and searching research databases. Then, the results were summarized and reported using comparative tables. Some regulations and frameworks exist for assuring and improving the quality and safety of the services in all health systems. The supervising bodies of this subject include central and local governments along with nongovernmental organizations. The supervision in studied countries is mostly compulsory and unannounced. Moreover, accreditation of ambulatory care exists voluntarily and compulsorily. Results of the supervision include temporary or permanent suspension of license for care provision, impact on payment to the providers, and change in popularity of the provider by public communication of the result. Improving the supervision on ambulatory care requires an effective structure for separation of provider and supervisor and the involvement of the professional associations. It is suggested to elevate the ambulatory care supervision through better resource allocation, follow up of the supervision results, enforcement of regulations, and application of novel approaches.