Biotechnology Lab, Center for Converging Technologies, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur-302004, Rajasthan, India.
Biomed Phys Eng Express. 2020 May 6;6(3):032001. doi: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab8a75.
Cancer is a broad-spectrum disease which is spread globally, having high mortality rates. This results from genetic, epigenetic and molecular abnormalities caused by various mutations. The main reason behind this critical problem lies in its diagnostics, the late detection of the disease is the root cause of all this. This can be managed well by the timely diagnosis of cancer by means of the tumor biomarkers present in the body fluids such as serum, blood, and urine. These tumor biomarkers are present in normal conditions as well, but their concentrations are altered in the presence of a malignant tumor. Prolonged studies have reported that immunosensors can be used to detect the minimal amount of biomarkers present in the sample and also provides point-of-care detection. The recent investigations demonstrated the use of polymers along with immunosensors for enhancing their selectivity and sensitivity towards the biomarkers and making them even more efficient. This review focuses on the variety of tumor biomarkers, different types of immunosensors and polymeric immunosensors using different polymers like polypyrrole, polyaniline, PHEMA, etc.
癌症是一种全球性疾病，具有较高的死亡率。这是由于各种突变引起的遗传、表观遗传和分子异常所致。造成这一严重问题的主要原因在于其诊断，疾病的晚期发现是造成这一切的根源。通过对体液（如血清、血液和尿液）中存在的肿瘤标志物进行及时诊断，可以很好地控制这种情况。这些肿瘤标志物在正常情况下也存在，但在存在恶性肿瘤时，它们的浓度会发生变化。长期研究报告称，免疫传感器可用于检测样品中存在的微量标志物，并提供即时检测。最近的研究表明，使用聚合物与免疫传感器结合，可以提高它们对标志物的选择性和敏感性，从而提高它们的效率。本文综述了各种肿瘤标志物、不同类型的免疫传感器以及使用不同聚合物（如聚吡咯、聚苯胺、PHEMA 等）的聚合物免疫传感器。
